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Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra, is a sovereign landlocked microstate on the Iberian Peninsula, in the eastern Pyrenees, bordered by France to the north and Spain to the south. Believed to have been created by Charlemagne, Andorra was ruled by the count of Urgell until 988, when it was transferred to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell. The present principality was formed by a charter in 1278. It is headed by two co-princes: the bishop of Urgell in Catalonia, Spain and the president of France. Its capital and largest city is Andorra la Vella.
Andorra la Vella is the capital of the Principality of Andorra. It is located high in the east Pyrenees, between France and Spain. It is also the name of the parish that surrounds the capital.
Andorra is a landlocked country in Europe, which lies between France and Spain, whose transport infrastructure is primarily road provision.
"El gran Carlemany" is the national anthem of the Principality of Andorra. Enric Marfany Bons composed the music, while the lyrics were authored by Joan Benlloch i Vivó, written in a first-person narrative from the point of view of Andorra. It was adopted as the national anthem on 8 September 1921, which is also the national day of Andorra. The lyrics make reference to several key aspects of Andorran culture and history, such as the heritage of the Carolingian Empire.
The Andorra national football team represents Andorra in association football and is controlled by the Andorran Football Federation, the governing body for football in Andorra. The team has enjoyed very little success due to the Principality's tiny population, the fifth smallest of any UEFA country.
Andorra has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest six times, debuting in the 2004 contest and participating every year thereafter until the 2009 contest. As of 2022 the nation remains the only country to have never competed in a grand final, with their best result being a 12th-place finish in the 2007 semi-final and thus failing to qualify. Andorra withdrew from the contest following their 2009 appearance, with the national broadcaster Ràdio i Televisió d'Andorra (RTVA) citing financial difficulties preventing their continued participation. The country has not entered the contest again since. Interest in the contest has however remained high in the principality, while recent statements from the Andorran government and broadcaster indicate a return could be favourable, dependent on financial backing.
Scouting and Guiding in Andorra is currently represented by a single coeducational Scout and Guide group, based in Sant Julià de Lòria and founded in 2016.
Coma Pedrosa is the highest mountain in the principality of Andorra. It is popular with mountain climbers, its ascent being technically straightforward, although strenuous. From Arinsal to Camp de Refuge is considered moderate meanwhile the last 862 m is considered to be difficult. Several mountain lakes and tarns are found on the slopes, notably Estanys de Baiau, which lies on the western slopes, across the Spanish border.
The Catholic Church in Andorra is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.
Currently, all of the European microstates have some form of relations with the European Union (EU).
Andorra participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 with the song "La teva decisió " written by Susanne Georgi, Rune Braager, Lene Dissing, Pernille Georgi, Marcus Winther-John and Josep Roca Vila. The song was performed by Susanne Georgi. The Andorran broadcaster Ràdio i Televisió d'Andorra (RTVA) organised the national final Passaport a Moscou in order to select the Andorran entry for the 2009 contest in Moscow, Russia. Three songs performed during the national final on 4 February 2009 where a combination of jury voting and public voting selected "La teva decisió " performed by Susanne Georgi as the winner.
The tax system of Andorra has evolved according to the country's economic activity and structure, and the tax bases have been expanded to optimally distribute the weight of the tax burden, going from an almost exclusively indirect tax system to a system with direct taxation that can be approved at the international level. Despite its taxes, Andorra ceased to be a tax haven for its neighboring countries years ago, and for the European Union and OECD recently.
Andorra sent a delegation to compete in the 2010 Winter Olympics held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, from 12 to 28 February 2010. Andorra has never won an Olympic medal, despite appearing at every Winter and Summer Games since 1976. The Andorran delegation to these Olympics consisted of six athletes, four in alpine skiing, one in cross-country skiing, and one in snowboarding, the last being Lluís Marin Tarroch, the first snowboarder to represent Andorra at the Olympics. He placed 34th in his only event, and failed to advance to the quarterfinals as a result. Francesc Soulié, the first Andorran cross-country skier to compete at the Games, made his second Olympics appearance, achieving a 47th place finish in the best of his three events. The four alpine skiers that competed recorded six DNFs in their thirteen combined events, though Mireia Gutiérrez recorded a team-high 24th-place result in her best event.
1970s in Andorra:
Same-sex marriage in Andorra will become legal on 17 February 2023. Andorra first established stable unions on 23 March 2005, providing same-sex couples with some of the rights and benefits of marriage, and later enacted civil unions on 25 December 2014, offering a greater set of rights. On 21 July 2022, the General Council voted to open civil marriage to same-sex couples. The law was promulgated by Co-Prince Emmanuel Macron on 17 August 2022, and will come into effect six months later.
The Andorra women's national football team represents Andorra in women's association football and is controlled by the Andorran Football Federation, the governing body for football in Andorra.
Andorra Telecom is the only operator of fixed telephony, mobile telephony, subscription television and internet in the Principality of Andorra, constituting a monopoly in the field of telecommunications in the principality. It is a public company and is owned by the Government of Andorra.
The Andorran Chess Championship was first held in 1965. It is organized by FEVA, the chess federation of Andorra, which was founded in 1967.
Andorra and Argentina are members of the Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations.
References
- ↑ "Latest News". Principality of Andorra. Archived from the original on 1 July 2010. Retrieved 16 December 2010.
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