John H. England Jr. (born June 5, 1947) [1] is an American lawyer who served as a justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama from 1999 to 2001. [2]
John H. England was born in Uniontown, Alabama. [3] He attended public schools in Birmingham and received his B.S. in chemistry from Tuskegee Institute in 1969 and a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Alabama School of Law in 1974. [4] [5] He served in the U.S. Army as a Military Policeman for two years. [6] [5]
In 1974, England began practicing law in Tuscaloosa. [6] He was elected to the Tuscaloosa City Council in 1985. [6] [5]
In 1993, England was appointed to the Tuscaloosa County Circuit Court, and in 1999, to the Alabama Supreme Court, where he served until 2001, [5] [6] having been defeated by challenger Thomas A. Woodall in his 2000 bid for reelection to the court. [7] He held multiple tenures on the Circuit Court until his retirement in 2021. [6]
His son, Christopher J. England (born 1976), serves in the Alabama House of Representatives and is a former chair of the Alabama Democratic Party.
Richard Taylor Rives was an American lawyer and judge. A native of Alabama, he was the sole Democrat among the "Fifth Circuit Four," four United States circuit judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in the 1950s and 1960s that issued a series of decisions crucial in advancing the civil and political rights of African-Americans. At that time, the Fifth Circuit included not only Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas, but also Alabama, Georgia, and Florida, and the Panama Canal Zone.
Charles Allen Graddick Sr., was the 42nd Attorney General of Alabama from 1979–1987. He later served as a Judge of the 13th Judicial Circuit Court of the U.S. state of Alabama.
Edith Brown Clement is a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, based in New Orleans, Louisiana.
Frank Minis Johnson Jr. was a United States district judge and United States circuit judge serving 1955 to 1999 on the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama, United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit and United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. He made landmark civil rights rulings that helped end segregation and disenfranchisement of African Americans in the South. In the words of journalist and historian Bill Moyers, Judge Johnson "altered forever the face of the South."
Patrick Errol Higginbotham is an American judge and lawyer who serves as a Senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
Fred David Gray is an American civil rights attorney, preacher, activist, and state legislator from Alabama. He handled many prominent civil rights cases, such as Browder v. Gayle, and was elected to the Alabama House of Representatives in 1970, along with Thomas Reed, both from Tuskegee. They were the first black state legislators in Alabama in the 20th century. He served as the president of the National Bar Association in 1985, and in 2001 was elected as the first African-American President of the Alabama State Bar.
Perry Oliver Hooper Sr. was an American jurist who served as the twenty-seventh Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court from 1995 to 2001. He was the first Republican since Reconstruction to have been elected to his state's highest court. His case was ultimately settled by the US Supreme Court.
John D. Minton Jr. is an American lawyer who served as the chief justice of the Kentucky Supreme Court from 2008 to 2023. Minton was elected to the Supreme Court on July 24, 2006 to fill a vacancy created by Justice William S. Cooper, who retired on June 30, 2006. On the retirement of Chief Justice Joseph E. Lambert, Minton was elected by his fellow justices to replace him. He was sworn in as chief justice on June 27, 2008.
John Russell Tyson was an American lawyer, politician and judge. He served in the Alabama legislature before becoming a circuit judge, and later serving on the Alabama Supreme Court as associate justice and chief justice, before resigning to resume his legal practice. Elected as U.S. Representative for Alabama's 2nd congressional district in 1920, he won re-election in 1922, but died less than a month after being sworn in to the 67th U.S. Congress.
Harold Frend See, Jr. is a legal scholar and was an associate justice of the Alabama Supreme Court from 1997 to 2009. The son of Harold F. See, Sr., and Corinne See, he was born at the Great Lakes Naval Training Center in Illinois while his father was serving with the United States Navy in the South Pacific.
President Richard Nixon entered office in 1969 with Chief Justice Earl Warren having announced his retirement from the Supreme Court of the United States the previous year. Nixon appointed Warren E. Burger to replace Earl Warren, and during his time in office appointed three other members of the Supreme Court: Associate Justices Harry Blackmun, Lewis F. Powell, and William Rehnquist. Nixon also nominated Clement Haynsworth and G. Harrold Carswell for the vacancy that was ultimately filled by Blackmun, but the nominations were rejected by the United States Senate. Nixon's failed Supreme Court nominations were the first since Herbert Hoover's nomination of John J. Parker was rejected by the Senate.
Ann Hannaford Lamar is a former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Mississippi. She is the third woman to serve on the Mississippi Supreme Court.
John McKinley was a United States Senator from the state of Alabama and an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
Christopher John England is an American politician and the former chair of the Alabama Democratic Party. He serves in the Alabama House of Representatives. England was the first black chairman of either major political party in the history of the state of Alabama.
Ralph Delano Cook was a justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama from 1993 to 2001. Governor Jim Folsom appointed Cook to finish the term of Oscar Adams upon Adams' retirement.
Charles R. "Chuck" Malone is a former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama, from Tuscaloosa County, Alabama.
Brady Eutaw Mendheim Jr. is an American jurist who serves as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama.