Otorhinolaryngology ( oh-toh-RY-noh-LARR-in-GOL-ə-jee, abbreviated ORL and also known as otolaryngology, otolaryngology – head and neck surgery, or ear, nose, and throat is a surgical subspeciality within medicine that deals with the surgical and medical management of conditions of the head and neck. Doctors who specialize in this area are called otorhinolaryngologists, otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons, or ENT surgeons or physicians. Patients seek treatment from an otorhinolaryngologist for diseases of the ear, nose, throat, base of the skull, head, and neck. These commonly include functional diseases that affect the senses and activities of eating, drinking, speaking, breathing, swallowing, and hearing. In addition, ENT surgery encompasses the surgical management of cancers and benign tumors and reconstruction of the head and neck as well as plastic surgery of the face, scalp, and neck.
Plastic surgery is a surgical specialty involving the restoration, reconstruction or alteration of the human body. It can be divided into two main categories: reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery. Reconstructive surgery includes craniofacial surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. While reconstructive surgery aims to reconstruct a part of the body or improve its functioning, cosmetic surgery aims at improving the appearance of it. Comprehensive definition of plastic surgery has never been established, because it no distinct anatomical object and thus overlaps with practically all other surgical specialties. An essential feature of plastic surgery is that it involves treatment of conditions that require or may require tissue relocation skills.
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center is a nonprofit, tertiary, 915-bed teaching hospital and multi-specialty academic health science center located in Los Angeles, California. Part of the Cedars-Sinai Health System, the hospital has a staff of over 2,000 physicians and 10,000 employees, supported by a team of 2,000 volunteers and more than 40 community groups. As of 2022–23, U.S. News & World Report ranked Cedars-Sinai among the top performing hospitals in the western United States. Cedars-Sinai is a teaching hospital affiliate of David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), which was ranked in the top 20 on the U.S. News 2023 Best Medical Schools: Research.
Mount Sinai Hospital, founded in 1852, is one of the oldest and largest teaching hospitals in the United States. It is located in East Harlem in the New York City borough of Manhattan, on the eastern border of Central Park stretching along Madison and Fifth Avenues, between East 98th Street and East 103rd Street. The entire Mount Sinai health system has over 7,400 physicians, as well as 3,919 beds, and delivers over 16,000 babies a year. In 2023, the hospital was ranked 23rd among over 2,300 hospitals in the world and the best hospital in New York state by Newsweek. Adjacent to the hospital is the Mount Sinai Kravis Children's Hospital which provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21 throughout the region.
Microtia is a congenital deformity where the auricle is underdeveloped. A completely undeveloped pinna is referred to as anotia. Because microtia and anotia have the same origin, it can be referred to as microtia-anotia. Microtia can be unilateral or bilateral. Microtia occurs in 1 out of about 8,000–10,000 births. In unilateral microtia, the right ear is most commonly affected. It may occur as a complication of taking Accutane (isotretinoin) during pregnancy.
Mount Sinai Medical Center is a hospital located at 4300 Alton Road in Miami Beach, Florida, and is the largest independent non-profit hospital in South Florida. The institution was incorporated on March 11, 1946, and opened on its current location on December 4, 1949.
Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital (MEETH) is a specialty hospital in New York City that was founded in 1869 and is currently located on the Upper East Side of Manhattan at 210 East 64th Street. After 131 years as an independent entity, in 2000 MEETH affiliated with Lenox Hill Hospital, a 652-bed acute care hospital, established in New York City in 1857 and located at 77th Street in Manhattan. MEETH is recognized in medical circles for its long history of contributions in developing the fields of ophthalmology, otolaryngology and plastic surgery. MEETH provides thousands of patients a year with treatment in its ambulatory surgery facilities.
Wouter Ingmar Schievink is a neurological surgeon noted for expertise in brain and spinal cord vascular disorders.
Donald Christian Dafoe is an American surgeon and research scientist.
Francis Harry Ryan was an American plastic surgeon. He was known for performing multiple plastic surgery procedures on celebrities, including Heidi Montag, Gene Simmons, Shannon Tweed, Shauna Sand, Vince Neil, Adrianne Curry, Janice Dickinson and many others. He was also the founder of the non-profit foundation, The Bony Pony Ranch.
Burt Brent is a retired reconstructive plastic surgeon best known for his work in reconstructing the absent outer ear. He built upon the techniques of his mentor, Dr. Radford Tanzer of the Mary Hitchcock Clinic at Dartmouth Medical School and repaired ear defects in 1,800 patients, most of them children born with ear deformities such as microtia. He also reconstructed ears lost or due to some form of trauma.
Andrew A. Jacono, M.D., FACS is an American facial surgeon and creator of the minimal access deep-plane extended facelift, a minimally invasive hybrid facelift. Jacono starred in the Discovery Fit & Health television program Facing Trauma as the volunteer surgeon who reconstructed faces disfigured in abusive relationships and other violent circumstances.
Babak Azizzadeh, MD, FACS is the founder and president of the FPBPF, a non-profit organization committed to the treatment of individuals with facial nerve paralysis and Bell's palsy.
Babak Larian, MD, FACS is the director of the Center for Advanced Head & Neck Surgery in Beverly Hills, Los Angeles. He is also the director of the Head and Neck Cancer Center at Cedars-Sinai. He is also involved at the Cedars-Sinai Thyroid Cancer Center and the Cedars-Sinai Sinus Center. Currently he also serves as the assistant clinical professor of surgery at the David Geffen School of Medicine. Larian is the current medical director of the HELPS International Medical Mission. As a medical author, he has served as a member of the editorial review panel for several peer-reviewed journals. He is the managing partner of the LaPeer Surgery Center, a medical organization specializing in various fields including Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery.
William "Willie" Warren Brien is an American politician who was the Chief Medical Officer and Chief Quality Officer of University Hospitals in Cleveland, Ohio. Previously, he was the Executive Vice Chairman of the Department of Surgery, Director of the Cedars-Sinai Orthopaedic Center and also served as the Chief of Staff at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. He was elected as a Council Member of the City of Beverly Hills in 2009 and became Mayor of Beverly Hills in March, 2012.
Mark L. Smith is an American physician and plastic surgeon based in New York City. He is Chief of Plastic Surgery at Mount Sinai Beth Israel Beth Israel Medical Center, Director of Plastic Surgery for Continuum Cancer Centers of New York, Director, The Friedman Center for Lymphedema Research and Treatment, CoDirector of The Lipedema Project, and Professor of Surgery at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. His areas of focus include microsurgical breast reconstruction, head and neck reconstruction, facial paralysis, reconstruction of congenital defects and the surgical treatment of lymphedema and lipedema.
Jonathan E. Aviv is an American otolaryngologist–head and neck surgeon and a professor of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City, New York. He is also Clinical Director of the Voice and Swallowing Center at ENT and Allergy Associates in New York City, New York. An inventor, author, educator, physician and surgeon, he is best known for his invention of Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing with Sensory Testing (FEESST), a medical device that allows office-based assessment of oropharyngeal dysphagia, or swallowing disorders, without the use of X-ray. He is also known for his development of Transnasal Esophagoscopy (TNE), a method of examining the esophagus without using conscious or intravenous sedation. From 1991 to 2009, he was a full-time academic surgeon and director of the division of head and neck surgery at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons.
Douglas S. Steinbrech, MD, FACS, is a plastic and reconstructive surgeon affiliated with Lenox Hill Hospital, the NYU Langone Medical Center in New York City and the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai and NYU Langone Medical Center. He left Gotham Plastic Surgery in 2022 to open the first male aesthetic plastic surgery practice in the US.
Roberto Miguel Rey Júnior is a Brazilian American plastic surgeon. He was featured on the E! reality series Dr. 90210. Rey has appeared on many TV shows as a medical correspondent, including The View and Good Morning America, he has also contributed to The New York Times and appeared on the cover of Forbes Brazil.
