Jordi Tejel Gorgas is a historian specializing in modern history, state/society relations, and state-building in the Middle East. He is often cited in the media in relation to Kurdish state-building and Syrian Kurds. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
Jordi Tejel Gorgas is a historian specializing in modern history, state/society relations, and state-building in the Middle East. He is often cited in the media in relation to Kurdish state-building and Syrian Kurds. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
Tejel is currently[ citation needed ] professor of international history at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, in Geneva. He was previously a research fellow at the School of Oriental and African Studies and at the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences in Paris. He's also been a lecturer at the University of Fribourg, the University of Neuchâtel and again in Fribourg. He holds a PhD from the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences in Paris and from University of Fribourg.
His most recent books include Irak, chronique d’un chaos annoncé (Lavauzelle, 2006), Le mouvement kurde de Turquie en exil. Continuités et discontinuités du nationalisme kurde sous le mandat français en Syrie et au Liban (1925–1946) (Peter Lang, 2007), Syria’s Kurds. History, Politics and Society (Routledge, 2009), and Writing the History of Iraq: Historiographical and Political Challenges (edited with Peter Sluglett, Riccardo Bocco, and Hamit Bozarslan, World Scientific Press, 2012).
Kurdish is written using either of two alphabets: the Latin-based Bedirxan or Hawar alphabet, introduced by Celadet Alî Bedirxan in 1932 and popularized through the Hawar magazine, and the Kurdo-Arabic alphabet. The Kurdistan Region has agreed upon a standard for Central Kurdish, implemented in Unicode for computation purposes. The Hawar alphabet is primarily used in Syria, Turkey, and Armenia, while the Kurdo-Arabic alphabet is commonly used in Iraq and Iran. The Hawar alphabet is also used to some extent in Iraqi Kurdistan. Two additional alphabets, based on the Armenian and Cyrillic scripts, were once used by Kurds in the Soviet Union, most notably in the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic and Kurdistansky Uyezd.
Celadet Elî Bedirxan, also known as Mîr Celadet, was a Kurdish diplomat, writer, linguist, journalist and political activist. He held a master's degree in law from Istanbul University, completed his studies in Munich, and spoke several languages including Arabic, Kurdish, Russian, German, Turkish, Persian and French. He left Turkey in 1923 when the Kemalists declared a new republic. In 1927, at a Kurdish conference held in Beirut, a committee was formed, the Xoybûn. He is known for having been the first modern linguist to compile and organise the grammar of the modern form of the Northern Kurdish language, Kurmanji, and having designed the Latin-based Hawar alphabet, which is now the formal alphabet of Kurmanji and is also sometimes used for the other dialects of the Kurdish Language, having replaced the Arabic-based, Cyrillic-based, Persian-based and Armenian-based alphabets formerly used for Kurmanji.
Xoybûn or Khoyboun was a Kurdish nationalist political party, that is known for leading the Ararat rebellion, commanded by Ihsan Nuri. Many Armenians joined the movement as well, the party was active in all parts of Kurdistan until it was dissolved in 1946.
Osman Sabri or Osman Sebrî (1905–1993) was a Kurdish poet, writer and journalist.
The Kurdish population of Syria is the country's largest ethnic minority, usually estimated at around 10% of the Syrian population and 5% of the Kurdish population.
Kurdish culture is a group of distinctive cultural traits practiced by Kurdish people. The Kurdish culture is a legacy from ancient peoples who shaped modern Kurds and their society.
The Ararat rebellion, also known as the Ağrı rebellion, was a 1930 uprising of the Kurds of Ağrı Province, in eastern Turkey, against the Turkish government. The leader of the guerrilla forces during the rebellion was Ihsan Nuri of the Jibran tribe.
Hawar was a Kurdish literature magazine, which was published in Damascus between 1932 and 1943. The magazine was first issued by Celadet Alî Bedirxan on 15 May 1932. The magazine was the first Kurdish literary magazine in Syria and it was intended to publish it on a monthly basis, but its publication was interrupted several times. The first 23 issues were published between 15 May 1932 and the 27 September 1935. The issues number 24 - 26 appeared between 1 April 1934 and 18 August 1935. The remainder was published between April 1941 and August 1943, and the French, who governed Syria and Lebanon at the time, supported its publication. The 57th and last issue was released on 15 August 1943. The first 23 issues of the magazine were published in both the Latin and the Arabic alphabets, but from the 24th issue onward, only the Latin alphabet was used. The Kurdish alphabet, which was formulated by the publisher Celadet Alî Bedirxan and also referred to as Hawar alphabet or the Bedirxan alphabet, was used to publish Hawar. The texts which were published emphasized the value of the Kurdish folklore for developing the Kurdish language and personal qualities. Hawar had its most subscribers in Syria and Iraq, but also Lebanon, Iran. Some educational institutions and libraries in Europe and the Middle East also subscribed to the Hawar magazine. Since 2006, the 15 May, the date of the first publication of Hawar in 1932, is celebrated as the Kurdish language day.
Al-Jazira Province was an administrative division in the State of Aleppo (1920–25), the State of Syria (1925–1930) and the first decades of the Mandatory Syrian Republic, during the French Mandate of Syria and the Lebanon. It encompassed more or less the present-day Al-Hasakah Governorate and part of the former Ottoman Zor Sanjak, created in 1857.
The Rojava–Islamist conflict, a major theater in the Syrian civil war, started after fighting erupted between the Kurdish People's Protection Units (YPG) and Islamist rebel factions in the city of Ras al-Ayn. Kurdish forces launched a campaign in an attempt to take control of the Islamist-controlled areas in the governorate of al-Hasakah and some parts of Raqqa and Aleppo governorates after al-Qaeda in Syria used those areas to attack the YPG. The Kurdish groups and their allies' goal was also to capture Kurdish areas from the Arab Islamist rebels and strengthen the autonomy of the region of Rojava. The Syrian Democratic Forces would go on to take substantial territory from Islamist groups, in particular the Islamic State (IS), provoking Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War.
Kurds in France may refer to people born in or residing in France of full or partial Kurds origin.
Syrian Kurdistan is a region in northern Syria where Kurds form the majority. It is surrounding three noncontiguous enclaves along the Turkish and Iraqi borders: Afrin in the northwest, Kobani in the north, and Jazira in the northeast. Syrian Kurdistan is often called Western Kurdistan or Rojava, one of the four "Lesser Kurdistans" that comprise "Greater Kurdistan", alongside Iranian Kurdistan, Turkish Kurdistan, and Iraqi Kurdistan.
Kamuran Ali Bedirxan was a Kurdish politician, lawyer and writer.
Nûredîn Zaza was a Kurdish politician, writer and poet. He was a co-founder of the Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria and a founding member of the Kurdish Institute of Paris.
Roger Lescot (1914–1975) was a French orientalist and diplomat known for his research of the Kurdish language.
Süreyya Bedir Khan was a Kurdish prince, a descendant of Bedir Khan Beg and a member of the Bedir Khan family. He was an influent supporter of Kurdish independence, a journalist and author of several books. His works are also known under his pen-name Bletch Chirguh. Like other members of the Bedir Khan family, he claimed an ancestry to Khalid Ibn al-Walid, the Sword of Islam and general and companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Ekrem Cemilpaşa or Ekrem Cemil Paşa (Burc) or Ekrem Cemilpaşazade was a Kurdish politician and officer.
Yaşar Kaya was a Turkish-Kurdish politician and publisher of the pro-Kurdish newspaper Özgür Gündem. Together with authors like Ismail Besikçi and Musa Anter, he was a co-founders of the Kurdish Institute of Istanbul in 1992.
Kurdish immigration into Syria has occurred since ancient times. Today Kurds form about 10% of Syria's population, numbering around 2 million. The majority of Kurds in Syria immigrated from Turkey to the French Mandate the 20th century to escape persecution. Most of these Kurds live in northeast Syria, with smaller communities scattered in various places across the country.
Emine Kara, also known by the nom de guerre Evîn Goyî, was a Turkish Kurdish militant and political activist who served as president of the Mouvement des femmes kurdes en France.
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