Jorge Griego

Last updated

Jorge Griego (English: "George the Greek") (Greece, 1504 - after 1545), was a Greek conquistador who participated in the conquest of Peru. Jorge was born in 1504 in as a Greek (it is not clear what political unit he was born in) and followed his Greek friend Pedro De Candia [1] [2] [3] to Panama and Peru. He was also appointed as an encomendero in Jauja, [4] an authority which was granted mostly to Conquistadors.

Contents

Life

Jorge Griego was born in Greece in 1504, he later moved into Spain and from there he went to Panama in 1527 by following his friend Pedro De Candia who was a famous Greek Conquistador and commander of the artillery in Peru. [1] Under the services of Francisco Pizarro in 1532 he took part in the battle of Cajamarca [5] [6] as a footman, against the forces of the Inca emperor Atahualpa. For his services in the battle of Cajamarca he received a share of the treasures [7] of Cuzco which was the capital of the Inca empire. There were many Greeks amongst the Spaniards who served as soldiers and especially as artillery men, in the conquest of the New world. [8] Jorge later became a resident in the city of Jauja [4] in Peru and was appointed there as an encomendero, he later moved to Lima. In 1545 when the forces of Viceroy Blasco Nunez Vela pushed far to the north, outside the limits of Peru and had no one to manufacture gunpowder, Jorge Griego took over the task, though it was not his profession and went on a few years later to make large quantities of gunpowder during the Gasca campaign. [9]

Finally Jorge Griego left from Peru and returned to Spain and settled in Seville's maritime district of Triana.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Francisco Pizarro</span> 16th-century Spanish conquistador who conquered Peru

Francisco Pizarro González, Marquess of the Atabillos was a Spanish conquistador, best known for his expeditions that led to the Spanish conquest of Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Viceroyalty of Peru</span> Administrative region of the Spanish Empire in western South America (1542–1824)

The Viceroyalty of Peru officially known as the Kingdom of Peru was a Spanish imperial provincial administrative district, created in 1542, that originally contained modern-day Peru and most of the Spanish Empire in South America, governed from the capital of Lima. Peru was one of the two Spanish Viceroyalties in the Americas from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries.

Sebastián de Belalcázar was a Spanish conquistador. De Belalcázar, also written as de Benalcázar, is known as the founder of important early colonial cities in the northwestern part of South America; Quito in 1534 and Cali, Pasto and Popayán in 1537. De Belalcázar led expeditions in present-day Ecuador and Colombia and died of natural causes after being sentenced to death in Cartagena, at the Caribbean coast in 1551.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atahualpa</span> Last Inca Emperor (ruled 1532–1533)

Atahualpa, also Atawallpa (Quechua), Atabalica, Atahuallpa, Atabalipa, was the last effective Inca Emperor before his capture and execution during the Spanish conquest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sacsayhuamán</span> Archaeological site near Cusco, Peru

Sacsayhuamán, often spelled Saqsaywaman or Xacxaguaman,, is a citadel on the northern outskirts of the city of Cusco, Peru, the historic capital of the Inca Empire. The site is at an altitude of 3,701 m (12,142 ft).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire</span> Period of the Spanish conquest in South America

The Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, also known as the Conquest of Peru, was one of the most important campaigns in the Spanish colonization of the Americas. After years of preliminary exploration and military skirmishes, 168 Spanish soldiers under conquistador Francisco Pizarro, his brothers, and their indigenous allies captured the Sapa Inca Atahualpa in the 1532 Battle of Cajamarca. It was the first step in a long campaign that took decades of fighting but ended in Spanish victory in 1572 and colonization of the region as the Viceroyalty of Peru. The conquest of the Inca Empire, led to spin-off campaigns into present-day Chile and Colombia, as well as expeditions to the Amazon Basin and surrounding rainforest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jauja</span> Town and municipality in Junín, Peru

Jauja is a city and capital of Jauja Province in Peru. It is situated in the fertile Mantaro Valley, 45 kilometres (28 mi) to the northwest of Huancayo, at an altitude of 3,400 metres (11,200 ft). Its population in 2015 was 15,432.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Famous Thirteen</span>

The Famous Thirteen were a group of 16th century Spanish conquistadors that participated in the Spanish conquest of Peru along with their leader, Francisco Pizarro. In 1527 Pizarro and his men were waiting on the Isla del Gallo, in bad conditions, when the supply ship returned from Panama, commanded by Juan Tafur with orders from the Spanish governor to abandon the expedition. According to the traditional version of the story, Pizarro drew a line in the sand with his sword and said, "those on that side of the line can go back to Panama and be poor; those on this side can come to Peru and be rich. Let the good Castillian choose his path." In the traditional telling of the story, only thirteen men chose to stay with Pizarro.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Cajamarca</span> 1532 battle during the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire

The Battle of Cajamarca also spelled Cajamalca was the ambush and seizure of the Inca ruler Atahualpa by a small Spanish force led by Francisco Pizarro, on November 16, 1532. The Spanish killed thousands of Atahualpa's counselors, commanders, and unarmed attendants in the great plaza of Cajamarca, and caused his armed host outside the town to flee. The capture of Atahualpa marked the opening stage of the conquest of the pre-Columbian civilization of Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quizquiz</span> Inca general

Quizquiz or Quisquis was, along with Chalcuchimac and Rumiñawi, one of Atahualpa's leading generals. In April 1532, along with his companions, Quizquiz led the armies of Atahualpa to victory in the battles of Mullihambato, Chimborazo and Quipaipan, where he, along with Chalkuchimac defeated and captured Huáscar and promptly killed his family, seizing capital Cuzco. Quizquiz later commanded Atahualpa's troops in the battles of Vilcaconga, Cuzco and Maraycalla (1534), ultimately being bested by the Spanish forces in both accounts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pedro Cieza de León</span> Spanish conquistador and chronicler of Peru

Pedro Cieza de León was a Spanish conquistador and chronicler of Peru and Popayán. He is known primarily for his history and description of Peru, Crónicas del Perú. He wrote this book in four parts, but only the first was published during his lifetime; the remaining sections were not published until the 19th and 20th centuries.

The Treasure of the Llanganates refers to a huge amount of gold, silver, platinum and electrum artifacts, as well as other treasures, supposedly hidden deep within the Llanganates mountain range of Ecuador by the Inca general Rumiñahui.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siege of Cusco</span> 1536–37 attempt by the Inca Empire to retake Cuzco from Spanish conquistadores

The 10 month siege of Cusco by the Inca army under the command of Sapa Inca Manco Inca Yupanqui started on 6 May 1536 and ended in March 1537. The city was held by a garrison of Spanish conquistadors and Indian auxiliaries led by Hernando Pizarro. The Incas hoped to restore their empire (1438–1533) with this action, but it was ultimately unsuccessful.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Inca Civil War</span> War of succession just before the Spanish conquest

The Inca Civil War, also known as the Inca Dynastic War, the Inca War of Succession, or, sometimes, the War of the Two Brothers, was fought between half-brothers Huáscar and Atahualpa, sons of Huayna Capac, over succession to the throne of the Inca Empire. The war followed Huayna Capac's death.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paramonga</span>

Paramonga was an important city constructed at the border of the former Kingdom of Chimor in Peru during the late Intermediate Period, whose capital was the metropolis of Chan Chan.

James Lockhart was a U.S. historian of colonial Spanish America, especially the Nahua people and Nahuatl language.

Ayaviri or Ayawiri (Aymara) is a town in Southern Peru, capital of the province Melgar in the region Puno. According to the 2007 Peruvian census, Ayaviri has a population of 22,667 people. Local festivities of note include the Festividad de Calendaria on January 24 and the Aniversario de la Provincia on October 25.

Pedro de Candia was a Greek explorer and cartographer at the service of the Kingdom of Spain, an officer of the Royal Spanish Navy that under the Spanish Crown became a Conquistador, Grandee of Spain, Commander of the Royal Spanish Fleet of the Southern Sea, Colonial Ordinance of Cusco, and then Mayor of Lima between 1534 and 1535. Specialized in the use of firearms and artillery, he was one of the earliers explorers of Panama and the Pacific coastline of Colombia, and finally participated in the conquest of Peru. He was killed in the Battle of Chupas, (Peru), on 16 September 1542, by Diego de Almagro II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neo-Inca State</span> 1537–1572 rump state of the Inca Empire

The Neo-Inca State, also known as the Neo-Inca state of Vilcabamba, was the Inca state established in 1537 at Vilcabamba by Manco Inca Yupanqui. It is considered a rump state of the Inca Empire (1438–1533), which collapsed after the Spanish conquest in the mid-1530s. The Neo-Inca State lasted until 1572, when the last Inca stronghold was conquered, and the last ruler, Túpac Amaru, was captured and executed, thus ending the political authority of the Inca state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Encomiendas in Peru</span>

An encomienda in Peru was a reward offered to each of the men under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro who began the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire in 1532. In the early colonial period of the New World, land had little economic value without the labor to exploit it. The grant of an encomienda gave the grantee, the encomendero, the right to collect tribute from a community of indigenous people." The word "encomienda" means "trust", indicating that the indigenous people were entrusted to the care and attention of an encomendero. In reality, the encomienda system is often compared to slavery. Theoretically, the encomendero did not own the people or the land occupied by his subjects, but only the right to tribute, usually in the form of labor, that he could extract from them.

References

  1. 1 2 James Lockhart, "Spanish Peru, 1532-1560: a social history" p. 142
  2. "GreenApple-Πράσινο Μήλο Ηλεκτρονικό περιοδικό με άρθρα για Επιστήμες Περιβάλλον Πολιτισμός". Greenapple.gr. Archived from the original on 2012-04-26. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
  3. "Pedro de Candia / Greece, Crete Heraklion 15th century". Genforum.genealogy.com. 2003-12-30. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
  4. 1 2 Alexandra Parma Cook and Noble Cook, The discovery and the Conquest of Peru of Pedro de Cieza, p. 247
  5. Alexandra Parma Cook an Noble Cook, The discovery and the Conquest of Peru of Pedro de Cieza, p. 242
  6. James Lockhart, Men of Cajamarca, p. 414–415
  7. Clements R. Markham, Reports on the Discovery of Peru p. 139
  8. James Lockhart, Spanish Peru, 1532-1560: a social history p. 29, 142, 146
  9. James Lockhart, Spanish Peru, 1532-1560: a social history p. 143

See also