Joseph (Joe) Croft

Last updated

Joseph (Joe) Croft (c.1925 - 22 August 1996) was a Gurindji and Mudburra man who was a member of the Stolen Generations who spent his early childhood in government institutions and, in 1944, he became the first Aboriginal person to attend an Australian University. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

Throughout his life he was an Aboriginal activist and advocated for Indigenous rights throughout his life. [1]

Biography

Croft was born at Victoria River Downs Station to Bessie (sometime recorded as Bessy), a Gurindji-Mudburra/Chinese woman, and Joe Croft who was of Irish-Scottish heritage. His father was also known as "Handsome Joe" who worked on the station as a cook, gardener and station hand. [2]

On 1 July 1927 Tom Hemmings, a Mounted Constable from the Northern Territory Police Force, visited the station and took Bessie and Croft from there to the Myilly Point Home, which was just outside the fence of the nearby to the Kahlin Compound in Darwin; Croft said one of his few memories of this was his mother crying. [4] [5] At this home Croft was able to stay with his mother until 1931, when he was approximately 6 years-old, and he was transferred, along with 27 other boys, to the Pine Creek Home in Pine Creek. [2] [6] Then, when the home closed in 1933, Croft was sent to The Bungalow in Alice Springs; another child who was also transferred was Alec Kruger. [2] [7]

While at The Bungalow Croft did well in his classes and received high marks in the 1939 qualifying certificate examinations and in 1940, with the support of Father Percy Smith and his teacher Wally Boehm, won a government scholarship to attend All Souls' School in Charters Towers. [8] [5] This was the first time that students from The Bungalow had been able to sit for these examinations and the scholarship was one of only two offered to Northern Territory students and, at that time the Northern Territory had no secondary schools of its own; Tony Austin (2000) said this was "no doubt to the dismay of white residents [of Alice Springs]". [9] At All Souls' Croft was the first Aboriginal student and during his final year in 1943 he was school captain as well as being captain of the football, cricket and swimming teams. [2]

After the completion of his schooling Croft received a Commonwealth bursary to attend the University of Queensland in 1944 where he enrolled in an engineering degree and, as the first Aboriginal student this received national press coverage. [10] [11] [12] Croft was inspired to study engineering by childhood memories at Pine Creek watching the trains go by. [2] Despite this, he felt unsettled at university, in the midst of World War II, and said of it: [13]

I had this feeling that I wanted to be out there, defending the country, my country. So, I didn't do my studies that year, I played a lot of sport … [and] when the results came out I didn't do too good, so I joined the army.

— Joe Croft, Oral history interviews in Alice Springs, Wattie Creek and Darwin, NT, 1989

On 3 March 1945, at Townsville, Croft enlisted in the Second Australian Imperial Force and completed infantry training and was appointed lance corporal a month before the war ended. [14] He was discharged on 30 September 1946 and returned to university in 1947 but left soon after without completing his degree. He then worked in various jobs, including cane cutting, until 1950. [2]

From 1950 to 1971 he became a contracting surveyor, using skills that drew from his engineering studies, on dam building and railway line rebuilding projects. [1] [5] In 1959 when working of the Snowy Mountains Scheme he met Dorothy Jean Stone whom he would later marry on 9 June 1962. Soon after their marriage they moved to Perth together as Croft had been appointed a surveyor on the Perth-Kalgoorlie railway and their first two children, Brenda (1964) and Lindsay (1967), were born there and their third child Timothy (1971) was born in Lismore. [2]

For many years Croft had been working under the assumption that his mother, Bessie had died, as he had ceased receiving letters from her in 1940, when he had left The Bungalow. He had not been told that she had been evacuated from Darwin following the bombing of Darwin and had no longer been able to contact him. [15] However, when his family again moved to the Northern Rivers region in 1968 and, when needing a copy of his birth certificate to apply for a loan, he wrote to Harry Giese, the then Director of Welfare in the Northern Territory, and found that his mother was alive and was working as a laundress at the Retta Dixon Home. Croft was also told that he had a number of siblings. [16] After the finding out that his mother was alive Croft was able to begin a correspondence with his her via Amelia Shankelton; a missionary there. [2]

In 1972 the family purchased a newsagency at Woodburn and, during this time, Croft worked closely with the Bundjalung people living at Cabbage Tree Island and helped establish an arts and craft business. He would sell these works, and other works from the Northern Territory, at the newsagency. In 1972 Dorothy won second prize in a Mother's Day writing competition for New Idea in which she told Croft's story of being separated from his mother; her prize for this competition win was a telephone call which allowed Croft to speak to Bessie for the first time in 30 years. Soon after, in early in 1974, they were able to visit her for the first time and spent three weeks staying with her; she died in December that year. [2]

In 1975 Croft began working for the Department of Aboriginal Affairs in Canberra as a liaison officer and later began working for the Aboriginal Development Commission. In the late-1970s he was seconded to serve on the Anti-Discrimination Board of NSW here he worked with Al Grassby. In this role he travelled extensively to assess cases and worked closely with Aboriginal communities and individuals throughout Australia. [17] A series of other roles in the public sector followed, including as the treasurer of the ACT Koories Club (later known as the Aboriginal Corporation for Sporting and Recreational Activities), which was chaired by his friend and fellow former Bungalow resident Charles Perkins. [2] [16]

Croft maintained his interest in Indigenous Australian art and organised exhibitions at venues around Canberra, including an exhibition of work from Maningrida at the Canberra School of Art in July 1983. He also toured nationally and internationally with the Ramingining dance group, including David Gulpilil and Bobby Bunungurr in the mid-1980s.

Croft retired from the public service in June 1988, relocated to Sydney, and continued his work in the art sector. He said of this: [16]

Art and culture is what it all means [to be Aboriginal], I feel please to be helping Aboriginal people at grass-roots level by showing Australian's something of the art and culture of my people.

— Joe Croft, as quoted in the Canberra Times, 9 September 1988

Croft and Dorothy divorced in 1991 and, in April 1992 he married Patricia and moved to Springwood. Later, following a significant injury for which he had to remain in hospital for over a year, he entered aged care and died of Leukemia on 22 July 1996. He was buried at the Kalkarindji cemetery. [2]

Legacy

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northern Territory</span> Territory of Australia

The Northern Territory is an Australian internal territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. The Northern Territory shares its borders with Western Australia to the west, South Australia to the south, and Queensland to the east. To the north, the territory looks out to the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria, including Western New Guinea and other islands of the Indonesian archipelago.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tennant Creek</span> Town in the Northern Territory, Australia

Tennant Creek is a town located in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is the seventh largest town in the Northern Territory, and is located on the Stuart Highway, just south of the intersection with the western terminus of the Barkly Highway. At the 2021 census, Tennant Creek had a population of 3,080 people, of which 55% (1,707) identified themselves as Indigenous.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northern Territory Police Force</span> Australian law enforcement agency

The Northern Territory Police Force is the police body that has legal jurisdiction over the Northern Territory of Australia. This police service has 1,607 police members made up of 83 senior sergeants, 228 sergeants, 912 constables, 220 auxiliaries, and 64 Aboriginal Community Police Officers. The rest of the positions are members of commissioned rank and inoperative positions. It also has a civilian staff working across the NT Police, Fire and Emergency Services.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Harold Thomas (artist)</span> Australian artist and activist

Harold Joseph Thomas, also known as Bundoo, is an Aboriginal Australian artist and former activist, known for designing and copyrighting the Australian Aboriginal flag. He claims to have designed the flag in 1971 as a symbol of the Aboriginal land rights movement, and in 1995 it was made an official "Flag of Australia". After this, his assertion of copyright over his design was upheld by the Federal Court, eventually transferring that copyright to the Commonwealth of Australia and making it freely available for public use in January 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aubrey Abbott</span> Australian politician

Charles Lydiard Aubrey Abbott was an Australian politician and public servant. He served as administrator of the Northern Territory from 1937 to 1946, a period encompassing the bombing of Darwin and other Japanese air raids on the territory during World War II. Originally a grazier from New South Wales, he was a Country Party politician prior to his time in the Northern Territory and served as Minister for Home Territories in the Bruce–Page government from 1928 to 1929. He was a member of the House of Representatives from 1925 to 1929 and 1931 to 1937, representing the seat of Gwydir.

Lorna "Nanna Nungala" Fejo was a Warumungu woman who worked in Indigenous health in the Northern Territory of Australia, including the development of a program called "Strong women, Strong Babies and Strong Culture". As a member of the Stolen Generations, having been removed from her family as a young child, she was named by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, in his historic Apology to the Stolen Generations on 13 February 2008.

Robert James Randall, also known as Uncle Bob, was an Aboriginal Australian elder, singer and community leader. He was a member of the Stolen Generations and became an elder of the Yankunytjatjara people from Central Australia. He was the 1999 NAIDOC Person of the Year. He is known for his 1970 song, "My Brown Skin Baby ".

Contemporary Indigenous Australian art is the modern art work produced by Indigenous Australians, that is, Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islander people. It is generally regarded as beginning in 1971 with a painting movement that started at Papunya, northwest of Alice Springs, Northern Territory, involving Aboriginal artists such as Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri and Kaapa Tjampitjinpa, and facilitated by white Australian teacher and art worker Geoffrey Bardon. The movement spawned widespread interest across rural and remote Aboriginal Australia in creating art, while contemporary Indigenous art of a different nature also emerged in urban centres; together they have become central to Australian art. Indigenous art centres have fostered the emergence of the contemporary art movement, and as of 2010 were estimated to represent over 5000 artists, mostly in Australia's north and west.

Reuben Cooper is a former Australian rules footballer. He is notable for playing for the South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arltunga Historical Reserve</span> Protected area in the Northern Territory, Australia

Arltunga Historical Reserve, known also as Arnerre-ntyenge is a deserted gold rush town located in the Northern Territory of Australia in the locality of Hart about 110 kilometres (68 mi) east of Alice Springs. It is on the lands of the Eastern Arrernte people who are the Traditional Owners.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hetty Perkins</span> Australian Aboriginal elder (c. 1895–1979)

Hetty Perkins was an elder of the Eastern Arrernte people, an Aboriginal group from Central Australia. Several of her descendants have had prominent careers in various fields, both in the Northern Territory and in other states and territories.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Bungalow</span> Former Australian institution for Aboriginal children

The Bungalow was an institution for Aboriginal children established in 1914 in Alice Springs in the Northern Territory of Australia. It existed at several locations in Alice Springs, Jay Creek and the Alice Springs Telegraph Station.

Walter Smith also known as Walter Purula (Perrurle) or Wati Yuritja was a legendary Australian bushman from the Arltunga region in the Northern Territory of Australia. Wati Yuritja translates as man of the Water Dreaming).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Topsy Smith</span>

Topsy Smith was an Arabana pioneer of Central Australia in the Northern Territory. She spent her life caring for Indigenous children at an institution known as The Bungalow in Alice Springs.

Brenda L. Croft is an Aboriginal Australian artist, curator, writer, and educator working across contemporary Indigenous and mainstream arts and cultural sectors. Croft was a founding member of the Boomalli Aboriginal Artists Cooperative in 1987.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Stott</span>

Robert Stott was a constable and later police commissioner in the Northern Territory of Australia.

Woodgreen Station, also spelt Wood Green and also known as Atartinga, is a cattle station located in the Northern Territory of Australia, to the northeast of Alice Springs, extending approximately 2,215 km2 (855 sq mi). It was also known as (Mer) Athatheng by some of the Indigenous people in the area.

Philip Gudthaykudthay, also known as Pussycat, was an Aboriginal Australian artist. His work is held in many public galleries in Australia and internationally, including the British Museum.

Pine Creek Home also known as Pine Creek Boys Home was a government run home in Pine Creek in the Northern Territory which operated from 1931 to 1933 which perpetrated the Stolen Generations. The home was initially established to reduce overcrowding at the Myilly Point Home, just outside the Kahlin Compound, in Darwin. During this period it housed only boys and, when the home closed, they were primarily moved to The Bungalow in Alice Springs.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Joseph Croft, b. 1926". National Portrait Gallery people. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Croft, Brenda L., "Joseph (Joe) Croft (c. 1925–1996)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, retrieved 10 April 2024
  3. ↑ "Life Summary - Joseph (Joe) Croft - Indigenous Australia". ia.anu.edu.au. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
  4. ↑ "Myilly Point Home - Summary | Find & Connect". www.findandconnect.gov.au. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
  5. 1 2 3 Traynor, Stuart (2016), Alice Springs : from singing wire to iconic outback town, Wakefield Press, p. 309, ISBN   978-1-74305-449-9
  6. ↑ Find & Connect Web Resource Project, The University of Melbourne and Australian Catholic University. "Pine Creek Home - Organisation - Find & Connect - Northern Territory". www.findandconnect.gov.au. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
  7. ↑ "Biography - Alec Kruger - Indigenous Australia". ia.anu.edu.au. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
  8. ↑ Croft, Joe; Read, Peter, 1945- (1989), Joe Croft interviewed by Peter Read in the Peter Read collection of interviews conducted for his book entitled, Charles Perkins : a biography , retrieved 11 April 2024{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  9. ↑ Austin, Tony (1 October 2000), "Genocide and schooling in Capricornia: educating the Stolen Generation", History of education review, 29 (2), Australian and New Zealand History of Education Society: 51, ISSN   0819-8691
  10. ↑ "Half-caste for university". The Sydney Morning Herald . No. 33, 138. New South Wales, Australia. 10 March 1944. p. 4. Retrieved 11 April 2024– via National Library of Australia.
  11. ↑ "Varsity course for cleaver half-caste". The Worker (Brisbane) . Vol. 55, no. 2959. Queensland, Australia. 20 March 1944. p. 16. Retrieved 11 April 2024– via National Library of Australia.
  12. ↑ "Half-caste native will study at Brisbane university". [The Sun News-Pictorial]]. No. 6697. Victoria, Australia. 10 March 1944. p. 4. Retrieved 11 April 2024– via National Library of Australia.
  13. ↑ Croft, Joe (1989). "Oral history interviews in Alice Springs, Wattie Creek and Darwin, NT". AIATSIS Catalouge. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
  14. ↑ CROFT JOSEPH : Service Number - QX63365 : Date of birth - 08 Jan 1926 : Place of birth - NT : Place of enlistment - QLD : Next of Kin - KEELER MARJORY. 1940–1947.
  15. ↑ Croft, Brenda L. (12 May 2015). "Still in My Mind: An Exploration of Practice-led Experimental Research in Progress". Cultural Studies Review. 21 (1): 230–48. doi:10.5130/csr.v21i1.4433. ISSN   1837-8692.
  16. 1 2 3 "The many journeys of Joe Croft". The Canberra Times . Vol. 63, no. 19, 331. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 9 September 1988. p. 2. Retrieved 11 April 2024– via National Library of Australia.
  17. 1 2 "The Joseph and Lindsay Croft memorial scholarship" (PDF). Australian National University. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  18. ↑ "Joseph (Joe) Croft Indigenous Award". St John's College Foundation. 22 June 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
  19. ↑ "Joe Croft Street, Bonner, ACT". Actmapi. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.