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Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, O.F.M., spelled Ximenes in his own lifetime, and commonly referred to today as simply Cisneros, was a Spanish cardinal, religious figure, and statesman. Starting from humble beginnings he rose to the heights of power, becoming a religious reformer, twice regent of Spain, Cardinal, Grand Inquisitor, promoter of the Crusades in North Africa, and founder of the Complutense University, today the Complutense University of Madrid. Among his intellectual accomplishments, he is best known for funding the Complutensian Polyglot Bible, the first printed polyglot version of the entire Bible. He also edited and published the first printed editions of the missal and the breviary of the Mozarabic Rite, and established a chapel with a college of thirteen priests to celebrate the Mozarabic Liturgy of the Hours and Eucharist each day in the Toledo Cathedral.
The Complutensian Polyglot Bible is the name given to the first printed polyglot of the entire Bible. The edition was initiated and financed by Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros (1436–1517) and published by Complutense University in Alcalá de Henares, Spain. It includes the first printed editions of the Greek New Testament, the complete Septuagint, and the Targum Onkelos. Of the 600 six-volume sets which were printed, only 123 are known to have survived to date.
Antonio de Nebrija was the most influential Spanish humanist of his era. He wrote poetry, commented on literary works, and encouraged the study of classical languages and literature, but his most important contributions were in the fields of grammar and lexicography. Nebrija was the author of the Spanish Grammar and the first dictionary of the Spanish language (1495). His grammar is the first published grammar study of any modern European language. His chief works were published and republished many times during and after his life and his scholarship had a great influence for more than a century, both in Spain and in the expanding Spanish Empire.
Bergara is a town and municipality located in the province of Gipuzkoa, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, in the north of Spain.
The Spanish Renaissance was a movement in Spain, emerging from the Italian Renaissance in Italy during the 14th century, that spread to Spain during the 15th and 16th centuries.
A polyglot is a book that contains side-by-side versions of the same text in several different languages. Some editions of the Bible or its parts are polyglots, in which the Hebrew and Greek originals are exhibited along with historical translations. Polyglots are useful for studying the history of the text and its interpretation.
Casiodoro de Reina or de Reyna was a Spanish theologian who translated the Bible into Spanish.
Francisco de Enzinas, also known by the humanist name Francis Dryander, was a classical scholar, translator, author, Protestant reformer and apologist of Spanish origin.
Vergara may refer to:
Hernán Núñez de Toledo y Guzmán was a Spanish humanist, classicist, philologist, and paremiographer. He was called el Comendador Griego, el Pinciano or Fredenandus Nunius Pincianus. He earned his degree in 1490 from the Spanish College of San Clemente in Bologna. He returned to Spain in 1498 and served as a preceptor to the Mendoza family, in Granada. In this city, he studied classical languages as well as Hebrew and Arabic. Cardinal Gonzalo Ximénez de Cisneros hired him as censor of the cardinal's press at Alcalá de Henares. There, Nuñez worked on the Complutensian Polyglot Bible, specifically on the Septuagint. Nuñez was named professor of rhetoric at the Universidad Complutense, which had recently been founded. He then taught Greek from 1519. During the Castilian War of the Communities, Nuñez sided with the comuneros but avoided execution. He then taught at the University of Salamanca, occupying the post once filled by Antonio de Nebrija. At the age of 50, he retired from teaching to dedicate himself fully to research, although he seems to have still given classes on Hebrew at the University of Salamanca.
Saint-Avertin is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France.
Nicolás de Vergara el Mozo was a Spanish sculptor, architect, blacksmith and glassmaker. He worked in the Toledo Cathedral, where he was master of works, and in other religious and civil buildings. He was the son of the architect and sculptor Nicolás de Vergara el Viejo and Catalina de Colonia, and brother of Juan de Vergara. He was also the nephew of the master glassmakers Arnao de Vergara and Arnao de Flandes and grandson of Arnao of Flanders the Elder.
Alfonso de Alcalá was a Spanish physician, professor of medicine and also Hebraist. He is to be distinguished from the Hebraist Alfonso de Zamora.
Pablo de Coronel or Paul Nuñez Coronel was a Spanish Hebraist, and professor of Hebrew at the University of Salamanca. He trained to be a rabbi, but converted to Christianity prior to the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492. Cardinal Ximenez de Cisneros commissioned him, together with Alfonso de Alcalá, of Alcalá la Real, to provide a new translation of the Hebrew Bible into Latin for the Complutensian Polyglot (1514–17). He worked alongside another converso Hebraist, Alfonso de Zamora. He was one of three scholars to take over Zamora's chair in Hebrew at the University of Salamanca.
Diego López de Zúñiga, Latin: Jacobus Lopis Stunica was a Spanish humanist and biblical scholar noted for his controversies with Erasmus and Lefèvre d'Etaples and leadership of the team of editors for the Complutensian Polyglot Bible. He was born around 1470 in Extremadura, to an aristocratic family; his brother Juan de Zúñiga was a diplomat for Charles V of Spain.
Francisco de Vergara was a Spanish Hellenist and humanist, brother of Juan de Vergara. He was chair of Greek at the Trilingual College of the University of Alcala. The brothers were of Jewish descent on their maternal side. Francisco de Vergara's students included Juan de Valdés.
Demetrios Doukas of Crete was a professor of Greek in Spain and teacher of many Spanish humanists. Originally a member of the Greek community in Venice, Ducas moved to Spain and took part in the editing of the Complutensian Polyglot Bible. He was succeeded as chair of Greek by Hernán Núñez de Toledo y Guzmán in 1519.
The Vergara family in Chile was founded by royal lieutenant, Juan Martínez de Vergara, born in Guipuzcoa, Basque. He arrived in Chile in 1601.
Cuncunul Municipality is one of the 106 municipalities in the Mexican state of Yucatán containing (315.52 km2) of land and located roughly 145 km east of the city of Mérida.
Juan Vergara might refer to:
References
- ↑ Twilight of the Renaissance: the life of Juan de Valdés Page 33 Daniel A. Crews - 2008 "He was a good friend with many of the university's luminaries, including its rector, its printer, the primary chair of Greek, Francisco de Vergara, and his brother Juan de Vergara, who had helped to edit the Polyglot Bible."
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