Baltasar Garzón Real is a former Spanish judge. Garzón formerly served on Spain's central criminal court, the Audiencia Nacional, and was the examining magistrate of the Juzgado Central de Instrucción No. 5, which investigates the most important criminal cases in Spain, including terrorism, organised crime, and money laundering. In 2011, he was suspended from judicial activity and in 2012 he was convicted of illegal wiretapping and disbarred for a period of 11 years. Garzón legally assisted Julian Assange. On 24 March 2020, it was announced that Garzón was diagnosed with COVID-19 and hospitalized during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.
A Real Audiencia, or simply an Audiencia, was an appellate court in Spain and its empire. The name of the institution literally translates as Royal Audience. The additional designation chancillería was applied to the appellate courts in early modern Spain. Each audiencia had oidores.
The Audiencia Nacional is a centralised court in Spain with jurisdiction over all of the Spanish territory. It is specialised in a certain scope of delinquency, having original jurisdiction over major crimes such as those committed against the Crown and its members, terrorism, forgery of currency, credit and debit cards and checks, some trade crimes committed in more than one region and over drug trafficking, food frauds and medical frauds committed in a nationwide level as well as over international crimes which come under the competence of Spanish courts.. It has also appellate jurisdiction over the cases of the Criminal Chamber of the National Court.
Egunkaria for thirteen years was the only fully Basque language newspaper in circulation until it was closed down on 20 February 2003 by the Spanish authorities due to allegations of an illegal association with ETA, the armed Basque separatist group. After seven years, on 15 April 2010 the defendants were acquitted on all charges related to ties to ETA. The issue of damages for the closure of the newspaper remains open, as well as the alleged torture of the members of the newspaper's executive board during detention.
The Royal Audiencia of Santiago was an Audiencia Real or royal law court that functioned in Santiago de Chile during the Spanish colonial period. This body heard both civil and criminal cases. It was founded during the 17th century and abolished in 1818.
The Supreme Court is the highest court in the Kingdom of Spain. Originally established pursuant to Title V of the Constitution of 1812 to replace —in all matters that affected justice— the System of Councils, and currently regulated by Title VI of the Constitution of 1978, it has original jurisdiction over cases against high-ranking officials of the Kingdom and over cases regarding illegalization of political parties. It also has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all cases. The Court has the power of judicial review, except for the judicial revision on constitutional matters, reserved to the Constitutional Court.
The Real Audiencia of Mexico or Royal Audiencia of Mexico was the highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in the Kingdom of New Spain. The Audiencia was created by royal decree on December 13, 1527, and was seated in the viceregal capital of Mexico City. The First Audiencia was dissolved by the crown for its bungling and corruption and the crown established the Second Audiencia in 1530. This was supplanted by the Viceroyalty of New Spain in 1535. A new Audiencia was created in Guadalajara in western Mexico in 1548.
An oidor was a judge of the Royal Audiencias and Chancillerías, originally courts of Kingdom of Castile, which became the highest organs of justice within the Spanish Empire. The term comes from the verb oír, "to hear," referring to the judge's obligation to listen to the parts of a judicial process, particularly during the phase of pleas.
The Real Audiencia and Chancery of Lima was a superior court in the New World empire of Spain, located in the city of Lima, capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru. It was created on November 20, 1542 as was the viceroyalty itself, by the Emperor Charles V. The Audiencia began functioning in 1543 and initially had jurisdiction over the entire viceroyalty—virtually all of Spanish-controlled South America and Panama. Later other audiencias were established in the Viceroyalty. The Audiencia functioned until 1821 when the forces of José de San Martín entered Lima.
Argia is a weekly newsmagazine published in Basque language, the eldest one still working. Their main office is in Lasarte-Oria, Basque Country. Its name was Zeruko Argia from 1919 to 1921 and from 1963 to 1980, and Argia from 1921 to 1936 and from 1980 to present. It had to cease its activity because of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, and it could not be published again until 1963, when Francoist Spain lifted its ban on Basque-language publications.
The Tribunal de Orden Público was a court created in Francoist Spain to deal with most political crimes. It was instated as the supreme body in the newly created Public Order Jurisdiction, which also comprised an additional court, the Public Order Examination Court. This jurisdiction was considered an additional branch of the ordinary judiciary, together with the criminal, civil, administrative and social jurisdictions. It was not part of the military courts system. Nonetheless, the Court and its jurisdiction were always considered to be a special court.
Oriol Junqueras i Vies is a Spanish politician and historian from Catalonia. A former mayor of the municipality of Sant Vicenç dels Horts in Catalonia, Junqueras served as Vice President of Catalonia from January 2016 to October 2017 when he was removed from office following the Catalan declaration of independence and entered prison until June 2021, for his role in organizing the 2017 Catalan independence referendum. He is president of the Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC). Born in 1969 in Barcelona, Junqueras grew up in the municipality of Sant Vicenç dels Horts. After graduating from the Autonomous University of Barcelona, he taught history at the university.
Pablo Rafael Ruz Gutiérrez is a Spanish judge. He is best known for his part in investigating the Gurtel corruption scandal and the related Barcenas affair, but has handled other prominent cases.
Censorship in Spain involves the suppression of speech or public communication and raises issues of freedom of speech.
Josep Lluís Trapero Álvarez is the current Mossos d'Esquadra Major, the highest rank in the Catalan Police. On 28 October 2017, the Spanish government declared him removed from his post, after its invocation of Article 155 of the Spanish Constitution, suspending Catalonia's autonomy. In 2020, he was restored to his position of Major after being acquitted of wrongdoing by the Audiencia Nacional. Trapero started his career as a Mosso in 1990 and after years of service he was granted the position of Commissioner in 2013. In 2017, after 26 years of service, he achieved the rank of Major, succeeding Joan Unió.
Carmen Lamela Díaz is a Spanish judge. Lamela serves as examining magistrate at the Third Court of the National Court of Spain. Her area of expertise is criminal law.
Fernando Grande-Marlaska Gómez is a Spanish judge, serving as minister of the Interior since June 2018 under Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez.
Dolores Delgado García is a Spanish prosecutor who is the current and 92nd Attorney General of Spain. Previously, she served as Minister of Justice of Spain and First Notary of the Kingdom from 2018 to 2020, in the first Pedro Sánchez administration.
María Mercedes Aizpurua Arzallus is a Spanish journalist and politician from the Basque Country who currently serves as Member of the Congress of Deputies of Spain.
Pablo Rivadulla Duró, known artistically as Pablo Hasél, is a Catalan rapper, writer, poet, and political activist. His songs and actions, often controversial and in support of far-left politics, have led to a number of criminal charges and convictions in his country. In June 2020 he was sentenced to six months in prison for pushing and spraying washing-up liquid at a TV3 journalist and to two and a half years for kicking and threatening a witness in the trial of a policeman. He was imprisoned on 16 February 2021 on a nine-month sentence for recidivism in insulting the Spanish monarchy, insulting the Spanish army and police forces, and praising terrorism and banned groups. This has been labeled an attack on free speech by certain groups both in Spain and overseas, including Amnesty International, and led to numerous protests and riots.
