Julie Carpenter

Last updated

Julie Carpenter
Julie Carpenter.jpg
Born
Julie Gwyn Wajdyk

Madison, WI, US
Known forQ (nonbinary voice), AI ethics, soldier social relationships with robots, human sexuality and robots
Scientific career
Institutions
Website www.jgcarpenter.com

Julie Carpenter, born Julie Gwyn Wajdyk, is an American researcher whose work focuses on human behavior with emerging technologies, especially within vulnerable and marginalized populations. She is best known for her work in human attachment to robots and other forms of artificial intelligence. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]

Contents

Education

Carpenter has a Ph.D. in Learning Sciences from the University of Washington, [6] an M.S. in Technical Communication/Human-Computer Interaction from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, a second M.S. from the Technical Communication (now Human-Centered Design and Engineering) program at the University of Washington, and a B.A. in Communication Arts (Film, Radio, and Television Theory) from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Work

Her 2016 book Culture and Human-Robot Interaction in Militarized Spaces: A War Story explores the social role of robots in the military, specifically experiences reported by Explosive Ordinance Disposal personnel and their social interactions with robots they use in their work. More recently, the 2025 book The Naked Android: Synthetic Socialness and the Human Gaze discusses the connection among how peoples' expectations and perceptions robots are based on cultural interpretations of artificial versus human intelligence and what problems a person believes should or should not be addressed by artificial entities. [7]

Carpenter examines human sexuality and robotic systems in Sex Robots: Social and ethical implications. [8] In her chapter "Deux sex machina: Loving robot sex workers and the allure of an insincere kiss", she proposes incorporating a temporal component to Mori's Uncanny Valley hypothesis to account for individual changes in feelings of familiarity after repeated exposure to humanoid robots, as well as larger cultural shifts of acceptance toward humanoid robots over time.

Carpenter has said in interviews that she has been influenced by the robot designs of David Hanson and the science fiction writing of Zenna Henderson and Philip K. Dick. [9]

Her work also includes acting as a volunteer research consultant to collaborate with VICE and VIRTUE Nordic on Q, the world's first nonbinary human voice for use with technology. [10] [11] [12] In 2019, Q won the Glass Lion for Change [13] and three bronze Lions in audio categories at Cannes. She also gave a 2016 TEDx talk in Odense, Denmark, Humans + Robots: Dream Machines. [14]

Carpenter made the 100 Brilliant Women in AI Ethics List in 2019 [15] and 2020 [16] and was part of the Women in AI Ethics Council, 2020 spearheading Roles & Rights dimension of WAIE Ethical Framework. [17]

Publications

Books

Selected publications

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Android (robot)</span> Robot resembling a human

An android is a humanoid robot or other artificial being often made from a flesh-like material. Historically, androids existed only in the domain of science fiction and were frequently seen in film and television, but advances in robot technology have allowed the design of functional and realistic humanoid robots.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Humanoid robot</span> Body shape similar to a human

A humanoid robot is a robot resembling the human body in shape. The design may be for functional purposes, such as interacting with human tools and environments, for experimental purposes, such as the study of bipedal locomotion, or for other purposes. In general, humanoid robots have a torso, a head, two arms, and two legs, though some humanoid robots may replicate only part of the body. Androids are humanoid robots built to aesthetically resemble humans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cog (project)</span>

Cog was a project at the Humanoid Robotics Group of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It was based on the hypothesis that human-level intelligence requires gaining experience from interacting with humans, like human infants do. This in turn required many interactions with humans over a long period. Because Cog's behavior responded to what humans would consider appropriate and socially salient environmental stimuli, the robot was expected to act more human. This behavior also provided the robot with a better context for deciphering and imitating human behavior. This was intended to allow the robot to learn socially, as humans do.

Friendly artificial intelligence is hypothetical artificial general intelligence (AGI) that would have a positive (benign) effect on humanity or at least align with human interests or contribute to fostering the improvement of the human species. It is a part of the ethics of artificial intelligence and is closely related to machine ethics. While machine ethics is concerned with how an artificially intelligent agent should behave, friendly artificial intelligence research is focused on how to practically bring about this behavior and ensuring it is adequately constrained.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gynoid</span> Robot resembling a woman

A gynoid, or fembot, is a feminine humanoid robot. Gynoids appear widely in science fiction films and arts. As more realistic humanoid robot design becomes technologically possible, they are also emerging in real-life robot design. Just like any other robot, the main parts of a gynoid include sensors, actuators and a control system. Sensors are responsible for detecting the changes in the environment while the actuators, also called effectors, are motors and other components responsible for the movement and control of the robot. The control system instructs the robot on what to do so as to achieve the desired results.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Social robot</span>

A social robot is an autonomous robot that interacts and communicates with humans or other autonomous physical agents by following social behaviors and rules attached to its role. Like other robots, a social robot is physically embodied. Some synthetic social agents are designed with a screen to represent the head or 'face' to dynamically communicate with users. In these cases, the status as a social robot depends on the form of the 'body' of the social agent; if the body has and uses some physical motors and sensor abilities, then the system could be considered a robot.

The ethics of technology is a sub-field of ethics addressing ethical questions specific to the technology age, the transitional shift in society wherein personal computers and subsequent devices provide for the quick and easy transfer of information. Technology ethics is the application of ethical thinking to growing concerns as new technologies continue to rise in prominence.

Human–robot interaction (HRI) is the study of interactions between humans and robots. Human–robot interaction is a multidisciplinary field with contributions from human–computer interaction, artificial intelligence, robotics, natural language processing, design, psychology and philosophy. A subfield known as physical human–robot interaction (pHRI) has tended to focus on device design to enable people to safely interact with robotic systems.

Robot ethics, sometimes known as "roboethics", concerns ethical problems that occur with robots, such as whether robots pose a threat to humans in the long or short run, whether some uses of robots are problematic, and how robots should be designed such that they act 'ethically'. Alternatively, roboethics refers specifically to the ethics of human behavior towards robots, as robots become increasingly advanced. Robot ethics is a sub-field of ethics of technology, specifically information technology, and it has close links to legal as well as socio-economic concerns. Researchers from diverse areas are beginning to tackle ethical questions about creating robotic technology and implementing it in societies, in a way that will still ensure the safety of the human race.

Artificial intelligence is a recurrent theme in science fiction, whether utopian, emphasising the potential benefits, or dystopian, emphasising the dangers.

The ethics of artificial intelligence covers a broad range of topics within the field that are considered to have particular ethical stakes. This includes algorithmic biases, fairness, automated decision-making, accountability, privacy, and regulation. It also covers various emerging or potential future challenges such as machine ethics, lethal autonomous weapon systems, arms race dynamics, AI safety and alignment, technological unemployment, AI-enabled misinformation, how to treat certain AI systems if they have a moral status, artificial superintelligence and existential risks.

Sex robots or sexbots are anthropomorphic robotic sex dolls that have human-like movement or behavior, and some degree of artificial intelligence. As of 2018, although elaborately instrumented sex dolls have been created by a number of inventors, no fully animated sex robots yet exist. Simple devices have been created which can speak, make facial expressions, or respond to touch.

Dr Blay "Horatio" Whitby is a philosopher and technology ethicist, specialising in computer science, artificial intelligence and robotics. He is based at the University of Sussex, England.

Machine ethics is a part of the ethics of artificial intelligence concerned with adding or ensuring moral behaviors of man-made machines that use artificial intelligence, otherwise known as artificial intelligent agents. Machine ethics differs from other ethical fields related to engineering and technology. It should not be confused with computer ethics, which focuses on human use of computers. It should also be distinguished from the philosophy of technology, which concerns itself with technology's grander social effects.

<i>The Machine Question</i> 2012 nonfiction book by David J. Gunkel

The Machine Question: Critical Perspectives on AI, Robots, and Ethics is a 2012 nonfiction book by David J. Gunkel that discusses the evolution of the theory of human ethical responsibilities toward non-human things and to what extent intelligent, autonomous machines can be considered to have legitimate moral responsibilities and what legitimate claims to moral consideration they can hold. The book was awarded as the 2012 Best Single Authored Book by the Communication Ethics Division of the National Communication Association.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kate Devlin</span> Northern Irish computer scientist, AI specialist

Kate Devlin, born Adela Katharine Devlin is a Northern Irish computer scientist specialising in Artificial intelligence and Human–computer interaction (HCI). She is best known for her work on human sexuality and robotics and was co-chair of the annual Love and Sex With Robots convention in 2016 held in London and was founder of the UK's first ever sex tech hackathon held in 2016 at Goldsmiths, University of London. She is Senior Lecturer in Social and Cultural Artificial Intelligence in the Department of Digital Humanities, King's College London and is the author of Turned On: Science, Sex and Robots in addition to several academic papers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joanna Bryson</span> Researcher and Professor of Ethics and Technology

Joanna Joy Bryson is professor at Hertie School in Berlin. She works on Artificial Intelligence, ethics and collaborative cognition. She has been a British citizen since 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joy Buolamwini</span> Computer scientist and digital activist

Joy Adowaa Buolamwini is a Canadian-American computer scientist and digital activist formerly based at the MIT Media Lab. She founded the Algorithmic Justice League (AJL), an organization that works to challenge bias in decision-making software, using art, advocacy, and research to highlight the social implications and harms of artificial intelligence (AI).

Ethics of quantification is the study of the ethical issues associated to different forms of visible or invisible forms of quantification. These could include algorithms, metrics/indicators, statistical and mathematical modelling, as noted in a review of various aspects of sociology of quantification.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ameca (robot)</span> Planned general purpose robotic humanoid by Engineered Arts Ltd

Ameca is a female robotic humanoid created in 2021 by Engineered Arts.

References

  1. ↑ de La Porte, Xavier (September 26, 2013). "Funeral for a machine". France Culture. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  2. ↑ Palus, Shannon. "We Fall in Love With Space Robots Because They Act Like Animals". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  3. ↑ "Quand les soldats tiennent trop à leurs machines". 20 Minutes. September 20, 2013. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  4. ↑ Robertson, Adi (September 19, 2013). "If an explosives robot becomes your friend, can you still send it off to die?". The Verge. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  5. ↑ Chayka, Kyle (February 18, 2014). "As Military Robots Increase, So Does the Complexity of Their Relationship With Soldiers". Newsweek. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  6. ↑ "Julie Carpenter, PhD". jgcarpenter.com. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
  7. 1 2 "The Naked Android: Synthetic Socialness and the Human Gaze". Routledge & CRC Press. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
  8. ↑ McArthur, Neil; Danaher, John (2018). Robot sex: social and ethical implications. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. pp. 314 pages. ISBN   9780262536028. OCLC   1055562620.
  9. ↑ Carpenter, Julie; Booth, Brianna. "Julie Carpenter and Brianna Booth: AI and Sex". CiisPod. CIIS Public Programs. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  10. ↑ Simon, Matt. "The Genderless Digital Voice the World Needs Right Now". Wired. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  11. ↑ Mortada, Dalia. "Meet Q, The Gender-Neutral Voice Assistant". National Public Radio. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  12. ↑ Dreyfuss, Emily. "The Terrible Joy of Yelling at Alexa". Wired. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  13. ↑ Koigi, Bob. "VIRTUE brings home 7 Cannes Lions awards with Carlings adDRESS_THE_FUTURE and 'Q' the worlds first Genderless Voice". Dutch Creative Industry. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  14. ↑ Carpenter, Julie (April 2016). "Humans + Robots: Dream Machines". YouTube. Tedx Talks. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  15. ↑ Dand, Mia (February 20, 2020). "100 Brilliant Women in AI Ethics to Follow in 2019 and beyond". Medium. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
  16. ↑ LH3_Admin (December 8, 2019). "100 Brilliant Women in AI Ethics for 2020". Lighthouse3. Retrieved December 3, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  17. ↑ "DIVERSITY + ETHICS IN AI - 2020" (PDF). Lighthouse3. 2020.
  18. ↑ Carpenter, Julie (2016). Culture and Human-Robot Interaction in Militarized Spaces: A War Story. Farnham, Surrey; Burlington, VT: Ashgate. pp. 165 pages. ISBN   9781472443113. OCLC   930786344.
  19. ↑ Carpenter, Julie (October 2017). Robot Sex: Social and Ethical Implications. The MIT Press. ISBN   9780262036689 . Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  20. ↑ Living with robots : emerging issues on the psychological and social. Richard Pak, Ewart J. de Visser, Ericka Rovira. London: Academic Press. 2020. ISBN   978-0-12-815635-3. OCLC   1129971619.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  21. ↑ Tuttle, Lisa (November 12, 2021). "The Best Recent Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror". The Guardian.
  22. ↑ Campbell, Aifric (2021). The love makers : a novel and contributor essays on the social impact of artificial intelligence and robotics. London. ISBN   978-1-912685-83-7. OCLC   1285524040.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  23. ↑ Carpenter, Julie (November–December 2019). "Why Project Q Is More Than The Worlds First Nonbinary Voice For Technology Target". ACM Interactions. XXVI (6): 56. doi:10.1145/3358912. S2CID   207862392 . Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  24. ↑ Carpenter, Julie; Erwin-Stewart, N.; Lee, T.; Bransford, J.; Vye, N. (February 15, 2009). "Gender Representation in Humanoid Robots for Domestic Use". International Journal of Social Robotics. 1 (3): 261–265. doi:10.1007/s12369-009-0016-4. S2CID   31454883 . Retrieved February 20, 2020.
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