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The Bridge on the River Kwai is a 1957 epic war film directed by David Lean and based on the 1952 novel written by Pierre Boulle. Although the film uses the historical setting of the construction of the Burma Railway in 1942–1943, the plot and characters of Boulle's novel and the screenplay are almost entirely fictional. The cast includes Alec Guinness, William Holden, Jack Hawkins, and Sessue Hayakawa.
The Burma Railway, also known as the Death Railway, the Siam–Burma Railway, the Thai–Burma Railway and similar names, is a 415 km (258 mi) railway between Ban Pong, Thailand and Thanbyuzayat, Burma, built by prisoners of war of the Japanese from 1940–1944 to supply troops and weapons in the Burma campaign of World War II. This railway completed the rail link between Bangkok, Thailand and Rangoon, Burma. The name used by the Japanese Government is Tai–Men Rensetsu Tetsudō (泰緬連接鉄道), which means Thailand-Burma-Link-Railway.
Pierre François Marie Louis Boulle was a French novelist best known for two works, The Bridge over the River Kwai (1952) and Planet of the Apes (1963), that were both made into award-winning films.
Dame Julia Mary Walters, known professionally as Julie Walters, is an English actress, author, and comedian. She is the recipient of four British Academy Television Awards, two British Academy Film Awards, two International Emmy Awards, a BAFTA Fellowship, and a Golden Globe. Walters has been nominated twice for an Academy Award: once for Best Actress and once for Best Supporting Actress.
George Herbert Leigh Mallory was an English mountaineer who took part in the first three British expeditions to Mount Everest in the early 1920s.
Andrew Comyn "Sandy" Irvine was an English mountaineer who took part in the 1924 British Everest Expedition, the third British expedition to the world's highest mountain, Mount Everest.
The evacuation of civilians in Britain during the Second World War was designed to protect people, especially children, from the risks associated with aerial bombing of cities by moving them to areas thought to be less at risk.
Rationing was introduced temporarily by the British government several times during the 20th century, during and immediately after a war.
Benjamin Myer Fogle, is an English broadcaster, writer and adventurer, best known for his presenting roles with British television channels Channel 5, BBC and ITV.
Brigadier Sir Philip John Denton Toosey was, as a lieutenant colonel, the senior Allied officer in the Japanese prisoner-of-war camp at Tha Maa Kham in Thailand during World War II. The men at this camp built Bridge 277 of the Burma Railway as later fictionalized in the book The Bridge over the River Kwai by Pierre Boulle, and since adapted into the Oscar-winning film The Bridge on the River Kwai in which Alec Guinness played the senior British officer, Lt. Colonel Nicholson. Both the book and film outraged former prisoners because Toosey did not collaborate with the enemy, unlike the fictional Lt. Colonel Nicholson.
The Bridge over the River Kwai is a novel by the French novelist Pierre Boulle, published in French in 1952 and English translation by Xan Fielding in 1954. The story is fictional but uses the construction of the Burma Railway, in 1942–1943, as its historical setting, and is partly based on Pierre Boulle's own life experience working in Malaysia rubber plantations and later working for allied forces in Singapore and Indochina during World War II. The novel deals with the plight of World War II British prisoners of war forced by the Imperial Japanese Army to build a bridge for the "Death Railway", so named because of the large number of prisoners and conscripts who died during its construction. The novel won France's Prix Sainte-Beuve in 1952.
Woolton pie is a pastry dish of vegetables, widely served in Britain in the Second World War when rationing and shortages made other dishes hard to prepare. It was created at the Savoy Hotel in London by its then Maitre Chef de Cuisine, Francis Latry, and was one of a number of recipes commended to the British public by the Ministry of Food to enable a nutritious diet to be maintained despite shortages and rationing of food, especially meat. It was named after Frederick Marquis, 1st Earl of Woolton (1883–1964), who popularised the recipe after he became Minister of Food in 1940.
The 1924 British Mount Everest expedition was—after the 1922 British Mount Everest expedition—the 2nd expedition with the goal of achieving the first ascent of Mount Everest. After two summit attempts in which Edward Norton set a world altitude record of 28,126 feet (8572 m), the mountaineers George Mallory and Andrew "Sandy" Irvine disappeared on the third attempt. Their disappearance has given rise to the long-standing unanswered question of whether or not the pair climbed to the summit. Mallory's body was found in 1999 at 26,760 feet (8155 m), but the resulting clues did not provide conclusive evidence as to whether the summit was reached.
While not being urged to avoid competition, women had few opportunities to compete in sport in Australia until the 1880s. After that date, new sporting facilities were being built around the country and many new sport clubs were created. Athletic events were being held in schools in Australia by the early part of the twentieth century. The Glennie School in Toowoomba was one school to host races for girls during their annual girls' sport day. During the 1920s, girls were able to run while wearing bloomers, instead of skirts. The first meeting for women's athletics took place in 1926 and was organised by the NSWAAA. The purpose of the meeting was to determine if it would be possible to send women to compete in the 1928 Summer Olympics based on merit. Only one female athlete was determined to be good enough to send. That was E.F. Robinson. The first women's national athletics body designed to govern the sport in Australia was founded in 1932 and was called the Australian Women's Amateur Athletic Union. It was designed to oversee state organisations in Victoria (1929), Queensland (1921), New South Wales (1932) and South Australia. (1932) The first Australian woman to travel overseas to compete was E.F. Robinson, who went to the 1928 Summer Olympics where she ran in the 100-metres. She came in third and was the only Australian female on the 1928 Australian Olympic team.
Ruth Langdon Inglis was a journalist and author. She is known for her books about child rearing.
Jenny Han is an American author of young adult fiction and children's fiction. She is best known for writing The Summer I Turned Pretty trilogy and the To All the Boys series, the latter of which was adapted into a film of the same name in 2018 starring Lana Condor and Noah Centineo.
Major Arthur Moon was an Australian army doctor who saved the lives of dozens of Far East prisoners of war as the Thailand-Burma Railway was being constructed during World War II.
Simon Block is a British screenwriter and producer best known for his work on the Julie Summers inspired ITV series Home Fires.
Pauline Bird-Hart is a retired British rower who competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics.
Giliana Balmaceda became Giliana Gerson was a Special Operations Executive agent during the Second World War. She was the first female SOE agent to be sent to occupied France.
References
- ↑ "Julie Summers". IMDb. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
- ↑ "Biography on Julie Summers web-site" . Retrieved 28 July 2017.
- ↑ Summers, Julie (6 December 2001). Fearless on Everest: The Quest for Sandy Irvine (New ed.). London: Phoenix. ISBN 9780753812655.
- ↑ Summers, Julie (2005). The Colonel of Tamarkan, Philip Toosey and the Bridge on the River Kwai. Simon and Schuster – London. ISBN 0743263502.
- ↑ Summers, Julie (2010). Remembered: The History of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Merrell Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-1858943749.
- ↑ Summers, Julie (2009). Stranger in the House: Women's Stories of Men Returning from the Second World War. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0743295529.
- ↑ Summers, Julie (2010). British and Commonwealth War Cemeteries. Shire. ISBN 978-0747807896.
- ↑ Summers, Julie (1 March 2012). When the Children Came Home: Stories of Wartime Evacuees. Simon & Schuster UK. ISBN 9781847398765.
- ↑ "Amazon.co.uk:Customer Reviews: When the Children Came Home: Stories of Wartime Evacuees". www.amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
- ↑ Summers, Julie (10 July 2012). Rowing in Britain. Shire Publications. ISBN 9780747812111.
- ↑ Julie., Summers (2013). Jambusters : the story of the Women's Institute in the Second World War. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0857200464. OCLC 812071126.
- ↑ "Julie Summers". IMDb. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
- ↑ "ITV commissions a second series of Home Fires". ITV Press Centre. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
- ↑ Summers, Julie (2015). Home Fires. Penguin. ISBN 978-0143108450.
- ↑ Summers, Julie (5 March 2015). Fashion on the Ration: Style in the Second World War (1st ed.). Profile Books. ISBN 9781781253267.
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