Julius Anatolyevich Schrader

Last updated April 13, 2019

Julius Anatolyevich Schrader, OP [Yu. A. Schreider] (28 October 1927 –24 August 1998) was a mathematician, cyberneticist, philosopher, and a convert to Roman Catholicism.

Dominican Order Roman Catholic religious order

The Order of Preachers, also known as the Dominican Order, is a mendicant Catholic religious order founded by the Spanish priest Dominic of Caleruega in France, approved by Pope Honorius III via the Papal bull Religiosam vitam on 22 December 1216. Members of the order, who are referred to as Dominicans, generally carry the letters OP after their names, standing for Ordinis Praedicatorum, meaning of the Order of Preachers. Membership in the order includes friars, nuns, active sisters, and affiliated lay or secular Dominicans.

Education and research work

Schrader was born in Dnepropetrovsk, Soviet Union. In 1946, he graduated from the renowned Mechanics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow State University. He completed his doctoral work in 1949 and in 1950 completed his postdoctoral dissertation on functional analysis.

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991. Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The country was a one-party state, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Other major urban centres were Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Alma-Ata, and Novosibirsk. It spanned over 10,000 kilometres east to west across 11 time zones, and over 7,200 kilometres north to south. It had five climate zones: tundra, taiga, steppes, desert and mountains.

Moscow State University is a coeducational and public research university located in Moscow, Russia. It was founded on 23 January [O.S. 12 January] 1755 by Mikhail Lomonosov. MSU was renamed after Lomonosov in 1940 and was then known as Lomonosov University. It also houses the tallest educational building in the world. Its current rector is Viktor Sadovnichiy. According to the 2018 QS World University Rankings, it is the highest-ranking Russian educational institution and is widely considered the most prestigious university in the former Soviet Union.

Schrader worked for several years in various scientific and mathematical training institutes in Moscow, before moving to the department of semiotics of the All-Russian Institute of Scientific and Technical Information at the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1961, where he remained until 1989. Schrader conducted foundational work in the early days of computer science and was appointed one of the Institute's Professors of Informatics in 1984.

The Russian Academy of Sciences consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation; and additional scientific and social units such as libraries, publishing units, and hospitals.

Computer science is the study of processes that interact with data and that can be represented as data in the form of programs. It enables the use of algorithms to manipulate, store, and communicate digital information. A computer scientist studies the theory of computation and the practice of designing software systems.

In 1960 Schrader became interested in religion and philosophy, eventually devoting significant time to the formal study of philosophy and obtaining a doctorate in philosophy In 1981.

He wrote a number of books on both mathematics and philosophy, including "Equality, the Similarity of the Order" (1970), "Systems and Models" (1980), "The Nature of Biological Knowledge" (1991), "Fundamentals of Ethics" (1993), and "The Values That We Choose" (1999). He also published numerous articles, including in the journal "Problems of Philosophy". Several of his and his students' papers on the mathematics of concept hierarchies and mereology were published in English translation in the journal Automatic Documentation and Mathematical Linguistics (a translation of the journal Научно-Tехническая Информация; Nauchno-Tekhnicheskaya Informatsiya).^[1]

A hierarchy is an arrangement of items in which the items are represented as being "above", "below", or "at the same level as" one another. Hierarchy is an important concept in a wide variety of fields, such as philosophy, mathematics, computer science, organizational theory, systems theory, and the social sciences.

In philosophy and mathematical logic, mereology is the study of parts and the wholes they form. Whereas set theory is founded on the membership relation between a set and its elements, mereology emphasizes the meronomic relation between entities, which—from a set-theoretic perspective—is closer to the concept of inclusion between sets.

In 1989, Schrader moved to a permanent job at the Institute for Information Transmission Problems at the Russian Academy of Sciences. He taught at the Moscow State University in the Mechanics and Mathematics Department and Department of Structural and Applied Linguistics at the Faculty of Philology. He has published about 800 papers.

Conversion to Roman Catholicism

In 1970, Schrader was baptized in the Roman Catholic Church, an uncommon occurrence in the secular culture of the Soviet Union. In 1977, he joined the Third Order of the Dominican Order (Saint Dominic). Schrader's religious conversion resulted in his expulsion from the Communist Party and his demotion at the Institute.

In 1989 he became one of the organizers of the Catholic club "Spiritual Dialogue" and was elected its chairman. Since 1993 he was Academician-Secretary of the "Science and Theology" Department of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences and chairman of the board of the Center of Philosophy, Psychology and Sociology of Religion.

In 1991, Schrader became Professor of the College of Catholic Theology of Saint Thomas Aquinas, and in 1996 Professor of the Biblical Theological Institute of Saint Andrew in the city of Moscow, where he taught courses on "Ethics," "Social Doctrine of the Church", and "Logic and Epistemology", among others. He has been received by Pope John Paul II.

Pope John Paul II 264th Pope of the Catholic Church, saint

Pope John Paul II was the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 to 2005.

From the memoirs of contemporaries

Julius Schrader's colleague at the Institute, V.B. Borschev recalled: "Oh it was legendary. He was a child prodigy, finishing school by the age of 14 and university in three years. While still at university, he came to Gelfand with a solution to the Continuum Problem. Gelfand found one small error, but the solution proposed by Schrader was interesting, and later became the basis of his doctoral dissertation. Schrader was admitted to graduate school despite massive antisemitism because one of the eminent professors insisted. After graduation, they still forced him out of the university despite a brilliant dissertation. Antisemitism, alas, has not gone away."

General information

Schrader wrote poetry exploring philosophical and theological themes. He was a friend of Varlam Shalamov and corresponded with him regularly.

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References

Borschev, V.B., in the Collection of "Scientific and Technical Information", Series 2, № 8, 1999, 37–41.
Polotovskiy I.L., comp. Julius A. Schrader. Bibliographies. – M., 1997. –:, P. / 751 + positions + Author Index Subject Index Index + aliases. /
Polotovskiy IL All he wrote was bright, original, talented. / / Bibliografiya./zhurnal- 2002. – № 6. / + Bibliography /

Specific

↑ "Automatic Documentation and Mathematical Linguistics". New York: Allerton Press.

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[1] "Automatic Documentation and Mathematical Linguistics". New York: Allerton Press.