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Fountain syndrome is an autosomal recessive congenital disorder characterized by mental retardation, deafness, skeletal abnormalities and a coarse face with full lips. The abnormal swelling of the cheeks and lips are due to the excessive accumulation of body fluids under the skin. The deafness is due to malformation of the cochlea structure within the inner ear.
SCARF syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by skeletal abnormalities, cutis laxa, craniostenosis, ambiguous genitalia, psychomotor retardation, and facial abnormalities. These characteristics are what make up the acronym SCARF. It shares some features with Lenz-Majewski hyperostotic dwarfism. It is a very rare disease with an incidence rate of approximately one in a million newborns. It has been clinically described in two males who were maternal cousins, as well as a 3-month-old female. Babies affected by this syndrome tend to have very loose skin, giving them an elderly facial appearance. Possible complications include dyspnea, abdominal hernia, heart disorders, joint disorders, and dislocations of multiple joints. It is believed that this disease's inheritance is X-linked recessive.
Vici syndrome, also called immunodeficiency with cleft lip/palate, cataract, hypopigmentation and absent corpus callosum, is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder characterized by albinism, agenesis of the corpus callosum, cataracts, cardiomyopathy, severe psychomotor retardation, seizures, immunodeficiency and recurrent severe infections. To date, about 50 cases have been reported.
Frontonasal dysplasia (FND) is a congenital malformation of the midface. For the diagnosis of FND, a patient should present at least two of the following characteristics: hypertelorism, a wide nasal root, vertical midline cleft of the nose and/or upper lip, cleft of the wings of the nose, malformed nasal tip, encephalocele or V-shaped hair pattern on the forehead. The cause of FND remains unknown. FND seems to be sporadic (random) and multiple environmental factors are suggested as possible causes for the syndrome. However, in some families multiple cases of FND were reported, which suggests a genetic cause of FND.
Marden–Walker syndrome (MWS) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder. It is characterized by blepharophimosis, microcephaly, micrognathia, multiple joint contractures, arachnodactyly, camptodactyly, kyphoscoliosis and delayed motor development and is often associated with cystic dysplastic kidneys, dextrocardia, Dandy–Walker malformation and agenesis of corpus callosum.
Gillespie syndrome, also called aniridia, cerebellar ataxia and mental deficiency, is a rare genetic disorder. The disorder is characterized by partial aniridia, ataxia, and, in most cases, intellectual disability. It is heterogeneous, inherited in either an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive manner. Gillespie syndrome was first described by American ophthalmologist Fredrick Gillespie in 1965.
Kapur–Toriello syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder. The defining feature of Kapur–Toriello syndrome is abnormal morphology of the columella, the end of the nasal septum, which in the syndrome extends below the margin of the nostrils.
Roberts syndrome, or sometimes called pseudothalidomide syndrome, is an extremely rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder that is characterized by mild to severe prenatal retardation or disruption of cell division, leading to malformation of the bones in the skull, face, arms, and legs.
Alopecia contractures dwarfism intellectual disability syndrome or is a developmental disorder which causes mainly baldness and dwarfism in combination with intellectual disability; skeletal anomalies, caries and nearsightedness are also typical.
Spondylo-ocular syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterised by lesions in the eye and the spine.
Pascual-Castroviejo syndrome type 1 is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by facial dysmorphism, cognitive impairment and skeletal anomalies.
Hall-Riggs syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that causes neurological issues and birth defects. People with Hall-Riggs syndrome usually have skeletal dysplasia, facial deformities, and intellectual disabilities. Only 8 cases from 2 families worldwide have been described in medical literature. It is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, meaning both parents must carry the gene in order for their offspring to be affected.
References
- ↑ "OMIM Entry - # 612713 - KAHRIZI SYNDROME; KHRZ". omim.org. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
- 1 2 Kahrizi, Kimia; Najmabadi, Hossein; Kariminejad, Roxana; Jamali, Payman; Malekpour, Mahdi; Garshasbi, Masoud; Ropers, Hans Hilger; Kuss, Andreas Walter; Tzschach, Andreas (January 2009). "An autosomal recessive syndrome of severe mental retardation, cataract, coloboma and kyphosis maps to the pericentromeric region of chromosome 4". European Journal of Human Genetics. 17 (1): 125–128. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2008.159. ISSN 1018-4813. PMC 2985958 . PMID 18781183.
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