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The Indus is a transboundary river of Asia and a trans-Himalayan river of South and Central Asia. The 3,120 km (1,940 mi) river rises in mountain springs northeast of Mount Kailash in Western Tibet, flows northwest through the disputed region of Kashmir, bends sharply to the left after the Nanga Parbat massif, and flows south-by-southwest through Pakistan, before emptying into the Arabian Sea near the port city of Karachi.
Sindh is a province of Pakistan. Located in the southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the second-largest province by population after Punjab. It is bordered by the Pakistani provinces of Balochistan to the west and north-west and Punjab to the north. It shares an International border with the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to the east; it is also bounded by the Arabian Sea to the south. Sindh's landscape consists mostly of alluvial plains flanking the Indus River, the Thar Desert of Sindh in the eastern portion of the province along the international border with India, and the Kirthar Mountains in the western portion of the province.
Mohenjo-daro is an archaeological site in Larkana District, Sindh, Pakistan. Built c. 2500 BCE, it was the largest settlement of the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation, and one of the world's earliest major cities, contemporaneous with the civilizations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Minoan Crete, and Norte Chico.
The ancient site at Kot Diji was the forerunner of the Indus Civilization. The occupation of this site is attested already at 3300 BCE. The remains consist of two parts; the citadel area on high ground ), and outer area. The Pakistan Department of Archaeology excavated at Kot Diji in 1955 and 1957.
Chanhu-daro is an archaeological site belonging to the Indus Valley civilization. The site is located 130 kilometers (81 mi) south of Mohenjo-daro, now in Sindh, Pakistan. The settlement was inhabited between 4000 and 1700 BCE, and is considered to have been a centre for manufacturing carnelian beads. This site is a group of three low mounds that excavations has shown were parts of a single settlement, approximately 7 hectares in size.
The South Asian Stone Age covers the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods in the Indian subcontinent. Evidence for the most ancient Homo sapiens in South Asia has been found in the cave sites of Cudappah of India, Batadombalena and Belilena in Sri Lanka. In Mehrgarh, in what is today western Pakistan, the Neolithic began c. 7000 BCE and lasted until 3300 BCE and the beginnings of the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Age. In South India, the Mesolithic lasted until 3000 BCE, and the Neolithic until c. 1000 BCE, followed by a Megalithic transitional period mostly skipping the Bronze Age. The Iron Age in India began roughly simultaneously in North and South India, around c. 1200 to 1000 BCE.
Amri–Nal culture is attributed to Amri archaeological sites in Sindh and Balochistan provinces of Pakistan. It flourished in the 4th and 3rd millennia BC. The dual typesites are Amri and Sohr Damb area in Naal, Balochistan.
The province of Sindh is situated in a tropical region, with subtropical regions in the northern sections; it is hot, humid and very rainy in the summer and cold and dry in winter. Temperatures frequently rise above 46 °C (115 °F) between May and August, and the minimum average temperature of 2 °C (36 °F) occurs during December and January. The annual rainfall averages about nearly 13 inches (330 mm), falling mainly during June and September. The southwesterly monsoon wind begins to blow in mid-February and continues until the end of September, whereas the cool northerly wind blows during the winter months from October to January.
Sindh is a province in Pakistan.
The ancient Indus Valley Civilization in the Indian subcontinent was prominent in infrastructure, hydraulic engineering, and had many water supply and sanitation devices that are the first known examples of their kind.
Pakistan is home to many archaeological sites dating from Lower Paleolithic period to Mughal empire. The earliest known archaeological findings belong to the Soanian culture from the Soan Valley, near modern-day Islamabad. Soan Valley culture is considered as the best known Palaeolithic culture of Central Asia. Mehrgarh in Balochistan is one of the most important Neolithic sites dating from 7000 BCE to 2000 BCE. The Mehrgarh culture was amongst the first culture in the world to establish agriculture and livestock and live in villages. Mehrgarh civilization lasted for 5000 years till 2000 BCE after which people migrated to other areas, possibly Harappa and Mohenjo-daro. Harappa and Mohenjo-daro are the best known sites from the Indus Valley civilization.
The Sacred Rocks of Hunza or Haldeikish constitute one of the earliest sites of Petroglyphs along the ancient Silk Route. It is a cultural heritage site in Gilgit-Baltistan region of northern Pakistan. The carvings on the rocks dates back to the 1st Millennium AD.
The Ambadevi rock shelters are part of an extensive cave site, where the oldest yet known traces of human life in the central province of the Indian subcontinent were discovered. The site is located in the Satpura Range of the Gawilgarh Hills in Betul District of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, north of Dharul village in Amravati district of Maharashtra. Studies of various rock paintings and petroglyphs present in the caves suggest, that the Ambadevi rock shelters were inhabited by prehistoric human settlers since around 25,000 years ago. First discoveries of clusters of numerous rock shelters and caves were made by Vijay Ingole and his team beginning on 27 January 2007. Named after the nearby ancient Ambadevi Cave Temple, the site has also been referred to as the Satpura-Tapti valley caves and the Gavilgarh-Betul rock shelters. The Ambadevi rock shelters rank among the most important archaeological discoveries of the early 21st Century in India, on par with the 20th Century discovery of the Bhimbetka rock shelters.
The Ancient Rock Carvings of Sindh have been explored in Kirthar Mountains Range, Sindh, Pakistan. The Kirthar Mountains Range covers a distance of 190 miles in boundaries of Jacobabad District, Qambar Shahdadkot District, Dadu District and Jamshoro District from north to south up to Karachi, Sindh.
The Lakhmir Mound is an archaeological site located at Naig Valley in Sindh, Pakistan. The mound is locally famous as Lakhmir-Ji-Mari.
Naig Valley Sindhi is a valley and as well a hill torrent in Kirthar Mountains, Sindh, Pakistan..The name of the Naig Valley including the village denoted from a hill torrent of Nai Naig which flows throw the valley. The valley is surrounded by the Bhit and Bado mountains. Naig Valley is at a distance of 45 kilometers from Sehwan Sharif, Jamshoro District towards south west. The Date Palm, Pipal and other trees make wonderful view of the valley. The four ancient archaeological and earlier sites of Lakhshmir or Lakhmir-Ji-Mari, Buddhist's stupa, Mai Rohi and mausoleum of Pir Qamber Ali Shah can be observed at the valley.N. G. Majumdar had opined that Lakhmir-Ji-Mari is Chalcolithic site. The ancient route of Jogi's or Sufi's also leads from the valley towards Lahoot Lamakan and Hinglaj.
The Pallimas Valley Urdu Sindhi is a valley in Wadh Tesil, nearby Wadh town of Khuzdar District, Balochistan, a western province of Pakistan.The Kunj and other hill torrents flow from mountainous area towards the valley. The ancient inscriptions and Tharia Cave Paintings have been explored in the vicinity of this valley as well. Maney historical and archaeological sites are located in valley which possibly are the period of Nal Civilisation of Nall, Pakistan
Stone Age in Azerbaijan is divided into the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic periods. It was studied in Karabakh, Gazakh, Lerik, Gobustan, and Nakhchivan. Stone materials belonging to the Stone Age were found by Mammadali Huseynov in the Shorsu gorge located near the village of Gyrag Kasaman in Qazakh region. According to his research, people have first settled in the territory of Azerbaijan 2 million years ago. The Stone Age era involved two different human species: Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens.
Sindh Tourism Development Corporation (STDC) (Sindhi: سنڌ ٽوئرزم ڊولپمينٽ ڪارپوريشن) is an organization of the Government of Sindh, Pakistan. STDC is governed by the Board of directors and provides facilities to the national and international tourists. It runs several motels and resorts across the Sindh province. STDC was incorporated on June 5, 1992.
References
- ↑ "KAI VALLEY: THE SCENIC SPOT FOR VISITORS IN SINDH, PAKISTAN". pakistansource.com. 21 February 2017.
- ↑ "Kai". Discover Pakistan.
- ↑ InpaperMagazine, From (16 June 2012). "Heritage: The ancient sites of Kai and Naig valleys". dawn.com.
- ↑ Fayaz, Amar. "Sindh Tourism Development Corporation - Kai Valley". www.stdc.gos.pk. Retrieved 2019-07-21.
- ↑ "Kai". Discover Pakistan. Retrieved 2019-07-21.
- ↑ Saḥāʼī, Tāju (1997). Lake Manchar: The Most Ancient Seat of Sindhu Cultures. Sindhi Kitab Ghar. ISBN 9789698281014.
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