Related Research Articles
Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 163 million people in an area of either 148,460 square kilometres (57,320 sq mi) or 147,570 square kilometres (56,980 sq mi), making it one of the most densely populated countries in the world. Bangladesh shares land borders with India to the west, north, and east, Myanmar to the southeast, and the Bay of Bengal to the south. It is narrowly separated from Nepal and Bhutan by the Siliguri Corridor; and from China by 100 km of the Indian state of Sikkim in the north. Dhaka, the capital and largest city, is the nation's economic, political, and cultural hub. Chittagong, the largest seaport, is the second-largest city.
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, often shortened as Sheikh Mujib or Mujib. and widely known as Bangabandhu was a Bangladeshi politician, statesman and Founding Father of Bangladesh who served as the first President and later as the Prime Minister of Bangladesh from April 1971 until his assassination in August 1975. Mujib is credited with leading the successful campaign for Bangladesh's independence from Pakistan. He is revered in Bangladesh with the honourific title of "Bangabandhu" which is used around the world. He was a founding member and eventual leader of the Awami League, founded in 1949 as an East Pakistan–based political party in Pakistan. Mujib is considered to have been a fundamental figure in the efforts to gain political autonomy for East Pakistan and later as the central figure behind the Bangladesh Liberation Movement and the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. Thus, he is regarded as the "Jatir Janak" or "Jatir Pita" of Bangladesh. His daughter Sheikh Hasina is the current leader of the Awami League and currently serves as the Prime Minister of Bangladesh.
The Bangladesh Awami League, often simply called the Awami League or AL, is a centrist to centre-left political party in Bangladesh and one of the major political parties in Bangladesh, being the ruling party of Bangladesh since 2009.
Language Movement Day, also called State Language Day or Language Martyrs' Day, is a national holiday of Bangladesh taking place on 21 February each year and commemorating the Bengali language movement and its martyrs. On this day, people visit Shaheed Minar to pay homage to the movement's martyrs, and arrange seminars discussing and promoting Bengali as the state language of Bangladesh.
Nurul Amin, referred to as the 'Patriot of Pakistan', was a prominent Pakistani leader, and a jurist who served as the eighth prime minister of Pakistan and as the first and only vice president of Pakistan. He is noted as being the last Bengali leader of Pakistan. His term of only 13 days as Prime Minister was the shortest served in Pakistani parliamentary history.
Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy was a Bengali barrister and politician in the Indian subcontinent. He held the positions of prime minister of Bengal (1946–1947) and prime minister of Pakistan (1956–1957). In Pakistan, Suhrawardy is revered as one of the country's founding statesmen. In Bangladesh, Suhrawardy is remembered as the mentor of Bangladesh's founding leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. In India he is very controversial and held responsible for the 1946 Calcutta Killings, often referred as the "Butcher of Bengal” in West Bengal, and for his performance as the Civil supplies minister which handled food during the Bengal famine of 1943.
Syed Nazrul Islam was a Bangladeshi politician and a senior leader of the Awami League. During the Bangladesh Liberation War, he was declared as the Vice President of Bangladesh by the Provisional Government. He served as the Acting President in the absence of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
The Bengali Language Movement was a political movement in former East Bengal advocating the recognition of the Bengali language as an official language of the then-Dominion of Pakistan in order to allow its use in government affairs, the continuation of its use as a medium of education, its use in media, currency and stamps, and to maintain its writing in the Bengali script.
Tajuddin Ahmad was a Bengali statesman. He led the Provisional Government of Bangladesh as its prime minister during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971 and is regarded as one of the most instrumental figures in the birth of Bangladesh.
Shah Azizur Rahman was a Bangladeshi politician who served as the Prime Minister of Bangladesh. However, he was the subject of considerable controversy for his collaboration with the Pakistan Army against the struggle to Independence of Bangladesh.
Muhammad Mansur Ali was a Bangladeshi politician who was a close confidant of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding leader of Bangladesh. A senior leader of the Awami League, Mansur also served as the Prime Minister of Bangladesh in 1975.
Abul Hasnat Muhammad Qamaruzzaman was a Bangladeshi politician, government minister and a leading member of the Awami League. A member of the Mujibnagar Government, Kamaruzzaman was murdered along with Syed Nazrul Islam, Muhammad Mansur Ali and Tajuddin Ahmed in the jail killings in Dhaka Central Jail on 3 November 1975.
Nawab Sir Khwaja Salimullah Bahadur was the fourth Nawab of Dhaka and one of the leading Muslim politicians during the British rule in India. In 1906, the Muslim League was officially founded at the educational conference held in Dhaka. The convention was held at Ahsan Manzil, the official residence of the Dhaka Nawab Family. Sir Salimullah was a key patron of education for the Eastern Bengal. He was one of the founders of the University of Dhaka and the prestigious Ahsanullah School of Engineering. Sir Salimullah was a staunch supporter of the Partition of Bengal and was a member of East Bengal and Assam Legislative Council from 1906 to 1907. He was also a member of Bengal Legislative Assembly from 1913 till his death in Calcutta in 1915 at the age of 43. He was the founder President of Bengal Muslim League in 1907.
Mohammad Toaha was a language activist of the 1952 language movement and a prominent left-wing politician from Bangladesh.
Abdul Malek Ukil was the President of Bangladesh Awami League, Speaker of Parliament, Home Minister, Health Minister, a member of Parliament for many years and a lawyer of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh. He was one of the drafters of the Constitution of Bangladesh and also one of the founding members of East Bengal Muslim Students League.
Bengali nationalism is a form of nationalism that focuses on Bengalis as a singular nation. The people of Bengali ethnicity speak Bengali language. Bengalis mostly live across Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura, Assam and Jharkhand. Bengali nationalism is one of the four fundamental principles according to the original Constitution of Bangladesh. and was the main driving force behind the creation of the Independent nation state of Bangladesh through the 1971 liberation war.
Fazlul Quader Chowdhury (1919–1973) was a Bengali politician who served as the 5th speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan from East Pakistan. He belonged to Ayub Khan's Convention Muslim League. He was also the Acting President of Pakistan from time to time when Ayub Khan left the country. His elder brother Fazlul Kabir Chowdhury was the leader of the opposition in East Pakistan assembly. Quader was preceded by Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan of Awami League.
Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani, shortened as Maulana Bhashani, was a Bengali politician. His political tenure spanned the British colonial India, Pakistan and Bangladesh periods.
Ahmadul Kabir, also known as Manu Miah, was a Bangladeshi politician and journalist. He was the founding General Secretary of the Ganatantri Party and part of the Independent University, Bangladesh's Governing and Trustee Board.
Fazlur Rahman was a Bengali politician and lawyer. He was the first Education Minister of Pakistan and a member of the 1st and 2nd National Assemblies of Pakistan.
References
- ↑ Salimullah Khan (6 February 2015). "Kamruddin Ahmad". The Daily Star. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
- ↑ Hashim, Abul (1974). In Retrospection. Subarna Publishers : distributor, Mowla Bros. pp. 67–69. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
- ↑ Hussain, Aklam; Bangladesh, Asiatic Society of (1997). History of Bangladesh, 1704-1971. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. p. 433. ISBN 9789845123372.
- ↑ Legislature, Pakistan Constituent Assembly (1947-1954) (1954). Debates. Official Report. p. 1470.
- 1 2 3 Selim, Md. "Ahmed, Kamruddin". Banglapedia. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
- ↑ "We, the people". The Daily Star. 3 November 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2018.