Karen Iversdatter Krabbe

Last updated

Karen Iversdatter Krabbe (1637-1702) was a Danish noblewoman who played an important role behind the scenes during the peace negotiations at Nijmegen in 1677-1679 and later as wife of the governor of Norway. She moved in the circles of Colbert and Bengt Oxenstierna and worked actively for the sake of Denmark during the Scanian War.She owned Fulltofta Castle in Scania until 1678. [1]

Contents

Childhood

Karen was born on 19 November 1637, in the fortress of Varberg in eastern Denmark. [2] [ circular reference ] Her father Iver Krabbe was the castle commander and later governor of Norway - a well-known military man and politician who was close friends with the king. Iver's ancestral home, Jordebjerg (now Jordberga), was situated in the province of Scania, just across the Sound from Copenhagen, and the family identified as Scanian and spoke the Scanian dialect, although they moved a lot. [3] Karen's mother, Karen Marsvin (1610-1680), [4] [ circular reference ] came from an old aristocratic family in southern Scania where they owned the magnificent castle of Dybäck.

Horn's War 1643-45 and following years

In 1644, Karen was seven years old and had five older siblings and two younger. Her favourite brother Jörgen was eleven and had already been sent to boarding school at Sorø Akademi in Zealand. The Thirty Years' War was still going on at the time, and the Swedes had invaded both Jutland and Scania. During the fighting, Jordberga Castle burnt down. According to legend, Iver Krabbe reached the estate too late, lifted his fist towards the sky and swore vengeance on the Swedish dogs. [5] The Krabbe family moved around Denmark, depending on Iver's military postings, one year in Holstein, the next in Zealand, and then Norway. They were one of the most pious families in Denmark, with Karen Marsvin making a name for herself as keen to pay to get the right clergyman in the proper position but just as eager to pay for poorhouses and hospitals. During these years, two of Karen's sisters died from an 'intense fever'. Girls weren't allowed to go to school in Denmark back then. Some very fortunate girls, like Princess Leonora Christina, were sent to school in Holland and France, but there were no such institutions in Scandinavia. The Krabbe girls might have received instruction at home, though.

The Karl Gustav Wars

In 1657, when Karen was twenty, war broke out again. Karen's father set out with the army to defend the country, her eldest brother Tage joined a regiment and Jörgen got stuck in Copenhagen that was besieged by the Swedes. Karen and her mother and sisters hid with their relatives in the countryside. This time, Denmark lost. At first, the Swedes demanded that they be given the whole of Norway, but in the end, they made good with the considerably smaller Scanian provinces. The Krabbe family considered moving to Zealand, but in the end, all of them except Tage decided to become Swedish citizens. At this time, Iver split his properties between the children. Tage received Gunderslev Castle in Zealand, Margarete their part of Castle Dybäck, Karen a castle in central Scania called Fuldtofte (now Fulltofta).

Marriage

On 23 July 1670, Karen married a nobleman and diplomat named Just Høg, who was three years her junior. They got married in Copenhagen. We don't know if she chose him or if it was upon her father's or brothers' advice. Just Høg made a name for himself in international politics and was well known at the court of Louis XIV, the Sun King. Karen travelled with him around Europe and spent the holidays at either Fuldtofte or her husband's lands in Zealand. Karen left Fuldtofte in Jörgen's hands, and at one point, she wanted him to sell it for her, but the Swede who bought it, Niclas Jonsson Cronacker, refused to pay because the furniture wasn't as nice as he had expected. Jörgen went to court on Karen's behalf and won the case, and he then continued to run the estate for her. [6] The Krabbe-Høgs remained childless, and we know it was not by choice: Karen suffered a miscarriage shortly after her brother Jörgen's death in 1678.

The Scanian War

In 1675, war broke out again. Scania was the main war theatre. Karen was far from the fighting, though: her husband was sent to France and Holland to represent Denmark at the peace negotiations [7] and she did her best to speak up for Denmark. The Swedish ambassador, Bengt Oxenstierna, was highly annoyed because she went around Paris handing out pamphlets and books about the annexation of Scania that depicted the Swedes negatively. Karen Krabbe also made friends with Madame Colbert, wife of the French Prime Minister, and tried to influence the circles around the Colberts in Denmark's favour. [8]

In the winter of 1676, Karen's eldest brother Tage died from a sudden illness.

In September 1677, Jörgen was arrested by the Swedes on the charge of high treason. He was suspected of having helped the local resistance movement and of having spoken about the Swedish king 'in an offensive manner'. [9] Karen Krabbe now frantically tried to help her brother. [10] She went around all of Paris asking the most influential people for help, and she contacted the press and handed out even more books about what was happening in Scania. The Swedish spies wrote to King Carl XI that "Krabbe's sister" was making the Swedes unpopular in the whole of Europe, spreading horrid pamphlets about them that portrayed them as "devils". [11]

In January 1678, Jörgen Krabbe was executed by a firing squad in Malmö. One of the charges against him was that he'd 'subtracted Fulltofta Castle' from a native Swede. Karen's castle was now confiscated by the state and given for free to the man who'd first wanted to buy it but wasn't happy with the furniture. [12] From then on and for the rest of her life, Karen Krabbe refused to be in the same room as a Swede. [13] The only exception was the Swedish diplomat Johan Olivekrantz, who had visited her brother in prison and had tried to intercede in his favour with the Swedish king. Karen never returned to Scania again. Her mother was devastated by the loss of her two sons and died as a refugee in Copenhagen in 1680.

Governor's Wife in Norway

After the Scanian War and Denmark's failed attempt to reconquer its lost lands, Karen and Just moved to Norway, where Just took over Karen's father's old job as governor. They lived in a huge house called Garmannagården in Christiania (now Oslo) that still stands there. [14] After the Scanian War, Karen never took up politics again but dedicated herself to the church. In 1680, Just Høg sued Jörgen Krabbe's widow for the money for Fuldtofte Castle. We don't know what part Karen played because it was all under her husband's name. The Swedish government recognised Høg's claim, and Jytte Thott had to hand over her own home Tosterup to Just Høg in compensation. Høg then sold it to the governor-general of Scania, Rutger von Ascheberg. As in many cases back then, the women's role remains utterly unclear.

Karen died in Oslo on 8 December 1702 and is buried in the cathedral there, together with her husband who died in 1694 [15]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Skåneland</span> Region in Southern Scandinavia

Skåneland or Skånelandene (Danish) is a region on the southern Scandinavian peninsula. It includes the Swedish provinces of Blekinge, Halland, and Scania. The Danish island of Bornholm is traditionally also included. Skåneland has no official recognition or function and the term is not in common usage. Equivalent terms in English and Latin are "the Scanian Provinces" and "Terrae Scaniae" respectively. The term is mostly used in historical contexts and not in daily speech. In Danish, Skånelandene is used more often. The terms have no political implications as the region is not a political entity but a cultural region, without officially established administrative borders.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Niels Juel</span> 17th-century Danish admiral

Niels Juel was a Danish admiral and naval hero. He served as supreme command of the Dano-Norwegian Navy during the late 17th century and oversaw development of the Danish-Norwegian Navy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Count's Feud</span> 1534–36 civil war in Denmark

The Count's Feud, sometimes referred to as the Count's War, was a Danish war of succession occurring from 1534 to 1536, which gave rise to the Reformation in Denmark. In the broader international context, it was a part of the European wars of religion. The Count's Feud derives its name from the Protestant Count, Christopher of Oldenburg, who championed the claim to the throne of the deposed Catholic King, Christian II, rejecting Christian III's election. Christian III was a devoted Protestant who had already established Lutheranism as the state religion in Schleswig and Holstein by 1528.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scanian War</span> 1675–79 war between Sweden and Denmark–Norway

The Scanian War was a part of the Northern Wars involving the union of Denmark–Norway, Brandenburg and Sweden. It was fought from 1675 to 1679 mainly on Scanian soil, in the former Danish–Norwegian provinces along the border with Sweden, and in Northern Germany. While the latter battles are regarded as a theater of the Scanian war in English, Danish, Norwegian and Swedish historiography, they are seen as a separate war in German historiography, called the Swedish-Brandenburgian War.

<i>Snapphane</i>

A snapphane was a member of a 17th-century pro-Danish guerrilla organization, auxiliaries or paramilitary troops that fought against the Swedes in the Second Northern and Scanian Wars, primarily in the eastern former Danish provinces that had become southern Sweden in these wars. The term was a derogatory reference for those the Swedish authorities considered illegal combatants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marsvinsholm Castle</span>

Marsvinsholm Castle is situated in Ystad Municipality, Scania, in southern Sweden, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from Ystad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peder Winstrup</span> Scandinavian, protestant theologian

Peder Pedersen Winstrup was Bishop of Lund in Scania. Winstrup was bishop there during a period spanning both Danish and Swedish sovereignty and periods of war when the land was contested. He was married to the Danish noblewoman, Dorothea von Andersen who was an influential person in her own right in Scania and known to be strongly pro-Danish.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hovdala Castle</span> Castle in Scania, Sweden

Hovdala Castle is a castle in Hässleholm Municipality, Scania, in southern Sweden. Its oldest visible parts date from the early 16th century although the original construction dates back to at least the early 12th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Krageholm Castle</span>

Krageholm Castle is an estate at Ystad Municipality in Scania, Sweden.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tosterup Castle</span>

Tosterup Castle is a castle in Tomelilla Municipality, Scania, in southern Sweden. It is situated approximately 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) north-east of Ystad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ellen Marsvin</span> Danish noble, landowner and county administrator

Ellen Marsvin was a Danish noble, landowner and county administrator. She was the mother-in-law of King Christian IV of Denmark-Norway, the mother of Kirsten Munk (1598–1658) and grandmother of Leonora Christina Ulfeldt (1621–1698).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iver Rosenkrantz</span> Danish statesman

Iver Eriksen Rosenkrantz was a Danish statesman and landowner.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vemmetofte</span>

Vemmetofte Convent is a former manor house in Faxe Municipality south of Copenhagen, Denmark. It was turned into a convent by Princess Sophia Hedwig of Denmark in 1735. Since 1975 it has provided housing available to the general public.

Birgitte "Brita" Scheel (1638–1699), was a Danish noblewoman who married a Danish nobleman who became Swedish with the annexation of Denmark's eastern provinces. For that reason, Birgitte belongs both to Danish and Swedish history, and her family lives on in the now Swedish province of Scania (Skåne).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Niels Trolle</span> Danish nobleman

Niels Trolle til Trollesholm og Gavnø was a Danish nobleman who served as vice admiral under Christian IV and later as Steward of Norway from 1656 to 1661. He played a central administrative role during the Nordic War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iver Krabbe</span> Danish nobleman and military officer

Iver Krabbe was a Danish nobleman, military officer, and governor-general in Norway.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ove Ramel</span> Danish landowner

Ove Ramel was a Danish landowner and administrator.

Baron Jörgen Iversen Krabbe of Krogholm Castle (1633–1678) was a Danish jurist and later a Swedish nobleman, who was one of the most influential men in the province of Scania and played an important role during the Scanian War of 1676–1679. He was executed by the Swedes for high treason.

Jørgen Müller (1648–1695) was a Dano-Norwegian government official. He served as the County Governor of Nedenæs county from 1681 until 1691. He was born in Copenhagen, Denmark in 1648 to Henrik Müller and Sophie Hansdatter. In 1682, he married Karen Henningsdatter Pogwisch, the daughter of Henning Pogwisch.

Jens Mikkelsen Ehrenborg was a Danish soldier and public servant who later became a Swedish nobleman. He was born in 1621 in Fredericia in southern Jutland in Denmark. His name was also spelled Jöns Michelsson, Jens Michelsen or Jöns Michaelson. Upon his ennoblement in 1687, he was given the surname Ehrenborg.

References

  1. ↑ Bricka, Carl Frederik. "225 (Dansk biografisk Lexikon / VIII. Bind. Holst - Juul)". runeberg.org (in Danish). Retrieved 2021-04-25.
  2. ↑ no:Karen Iversdatter Krabbe#cite ref-2
  3. ↑ Jojan Vadenbring"'Om vi blifver svensk': Identitetsfrågor i övergångstid" pp. 179 in Harald Gustafsson & Hanne Sanders (eds.),Integration och identiteter i det förnationella Norden, Göteborg 2010, English Summary, p.177
  4. ↑ no:Norsk biografisk leksikon
  5. ↑ Knud Fabricius, Skaanes overgang fra Danmark til Sverige, vol I, Copenhagen 1906, p.45
  6. ↑ Fabricius, vol. III, Copenhagen 1952, p.86-87
  7. ↑ Tor Weidling, Eneveldets menn i Norge: Sivile sentralorganer og embetsmenn 1660-1814, Oslo 2000, p.205
  8. ↑ Histoire des Negotiations des Nimegue, Alexandre-Toussaint Limojon de Saint-Disdier, Paris 1680, pp.15-20
  9. ↑ Vadenbring, p.164 and p.179.
  10. ↑ Histoire des Negotiations des Nimegue, Alexandre-Toussaint Limojon de Saint-Disdier, Paris 1680, p.20
  11. ↑ Samuel Loenbom, Lars Salvii, Handlingar til konung Carl XI:tes historia, Stockholm 1763, p.50
  12. ↑ Aletophilus (Olluf Rosencrantz), En sandfärdig Repliqve, Malmö 1678
  13. ↑ Disdier, p.20
  14. ↑ Weidling, Tor. Eneveldets menn i Norge: Sivile sentralorganer og embetsmenn 1660-1814,Oslo 2000, p. 205
  15. ↑ Dansk biografisk Lexikon, fra https://runeberg.org/dbl/8/0227.html
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.