Karim al-Din Aqsarayi was a 14th-century Persian [1] historian and bureaucrat. He is principally known for his Musamarat al-akhbar wa-musayarat al-akhyar, a historical chronicle written in Persian, which mainly focused on Anatolia under the rule of the Mongol Ilkhanate. [2]
The Ilkhanate or Il-khanate, also known as the Ilkhanids, and known to the Mongols as Hülegü Ulus, was a Mongol khanate established from the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. The Ilkhanid realm was officially known as land of Iran or simply Iran. It was established after Hulagu Khan, the son of Tolui and grandson of Genghis Khan, inherited the Southwest Asian part of the Mongol Empire after his brother Möngke Khan died in 1259.
Rashīd al-Dīn Ṭabīb was a statesman, historian and physician in Ilkhanate Iran.
The Sultanate of Rûm was a culturally Turco-Persian Sunni Muslim state, established over conquered Byzantine territories and peoples (Rûm) of Anatolia by the Seljuk Turks following their entry into Anatolia after the Battle of Manzikert (1071). The name Rûm was a synonym for the medieval Eastern Roman Empire and its peoples, as it remains in modern Turkish. The name is derived from the Aramaic (rhπmÈ) and Parthian (frwm) names for ancient Rome, itself ultimately a loan from Greek Ῥωμαῖοι (Romaioi).
Hamdallah Mustawfi Qazvini was a Persian official, historian, geographer and poet. He lived during the last era of the Mongol Ilkhanate, and the interregnum that followed.
The Suhrawardiyya is a Sufi order founded by Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi. Lacking a centralised structure, it eventually divided into various branches. The order was especially prominent in India. The ideology of the Suhrawardiyya was inspired by Junayd of Baghdad, a Persian scholar and mystic from Baghdad.
Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad ibn Rashid al-Din Fadlallah was a Persian bureaucrat under the Ilkhanate, who served as the vizier of the last Ilkhan Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan from 1327 to 1335. Ghiyath al-Din was the son of Rashid al-Din Hamadani, the distinguished historian and vizier of the Ilkhans Ghazan Khan and Öljaitü.
The Jalayirid Sultanate was a Mongol Jalayir dynasty which ruled over modern-day Iraq and western Iran after the breakup of the Mongol khanate of Persia in the 1330s. It lasted about fifty years, until disrupted by Timur's conquests and the revolts of the Qara Qoyunlu Turkoman. After Timur's death in 1405, there was a brief attempt to re-establish the sultanate in southern Iraq and Khuzistan. The Jalayirids were finally eliminated by the Qara Qoyunlu in 1432.
Alā ad-Dīn Kayqubād ibn Kaykhusraw, also known as Kayqubad I, was the Seljuq Sultan of Rûm who reigned from 1220 to 1237. He expanded the borders of the sultanate at the expense of his neighbors, particularly the Mengujek Beylik and the Ayyubids, and established a Seljuq presence on the Mediterranean with his acquisition of the port of Kalon Oros, later renamed Ala'iyya in his honor. The sultan, sometimes styled Kayqubad the Great, is remembered today for his rich architectural legacy and the brilliant court culture that flourished under his reign.
Humam-i Tabrizi, was a Persian Sufi poet of the Ilkhanate era. He was one of the most distinguished figures of his time due to his poetry, teachings, piety, and Sufi spirituality.
Kaykaus ibn Kaykhusraw or Kayka'us II was the sultan of the Seljuqs of Rûm from 1246 until 1262.
Ghiyath al-Dīn Me’sud ibn Kaykaus or Mesud II bore the title of Sultan of Rûm at various times between 1284 and 1308. He was a vassal of the Mongols under Mahmud Ghazan and exercised no real authority. History does not record his ultimate fate. He was the last of the Seljuks.
Shams al-Din Juvayni was a Persian statesman and member of the Juvayni family. He was an influential figure in early Ilkhanate politics, serving as sahib-i divan under four Mongol Ilkhans−Hulagu, Abaqa, Tekuder and Arghun Khan. In 1284, Arghun accused Shams al-Din of having poisoned the Ilkhan Abaqa, who may actually have died of the effects of alcoholism; Shams al-Din was duly executed and replaced as vizier by Buqa. A skillful political and military leader, Shams al-Din is also known to have patronized the arts. The musician Safi al-Din al-Urmawi was one of those he supported.
The Salghurids, also known as the Atabegs of Fars, were a Persianate dynasty of Salur Turkoman origin that ruled Fars, first as vassals of the Seljuks then for the Khwarazm Shahs in the 13th century.
Shams al-Din Isfahani was a Persian vizier and military commander in medieval Anatolia. He served as deputy (na'eb) to Sultan Kaykhusraw II of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum and as the commander-in-chief of his army. After the formal submission of the Sultanate to the Mongol Empire, he became deputy to the Mongol ruler Batu Khan (r. 1227–1255) in Anatolia. He later reached the apex of his power when he became the new vizier of the Sultanate of Rum, and its de facto ruler for a short period after Kaykhusraw's death.
Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Muhammad Shabankara'i, better known as Shabankara'i (شبانکارایی) was a Persian poet and historian of Kurdish origin. He wrote in the Persian language and flourished during the late Ilkhanate era.
Fakhr al-Din Mustawfi was a Persian statesman from the Mustawfi family of Qazvin, who lived during the early Ilkhanate era. He was the elder cousin of the distinguished historian and geographer Hamdallah Mustawfi.
Muhammad ibn Hendushah Nakhjavani was a Persian official and author of several works written in Persian, notably the historical chronicle Tajarib al-Salaf, a translation and modification of the Kitab al-fakhri, originally written in Arabic by Ibn al-Tiqtaqa.
Abu’l-Qasem Kashani was a Persian historian from the Abu Tahir family, who was active during the late Ilkhanate era. He is notable for claiming that the vizier of the Ilkhanate, Rashid al-Din Hamadani, had stolen credit for the historical work Jami' al-tawarikh. Although modern scholarship regard Rashid al-Din as the overall author of the work, he is generally considered to have been aided by several assistants, including Kashani.
Abu Sulayman Banakati, was a Persian historian and poet, who lived during the late Ilkhanate era. He is principally known for his world history book, the Rawdat uli al-albab fi maʿrifat al-tawarikh wa al-ansab, better known as Tarikh-i Banakati.
Salman Savaji was a Persian poet, who served as a court poet of the Jalayirids. He was born in 1309/10 in the town of Savah, located in Persian Iraq, a region corresponding to the western part of Iran. He belonged to a family of accountants, who had served the viziers of the Ilkhanate. His father served under the vizier Sa'd al-Din Savaji, who was also from Savah. Salman himself received an education in the field of the divan and chancery, but had also started to distinguish himself as a poet during the reign of the last Ilkhanate ruler Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan. He dedicated a qasida (ode) entitled Bada'i al-Ashar to his patron, the vizier Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad.