Katherine Barbeau

Last updated
Katherine Barbeau
Alma materMassachusetts Institute of Technology
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Scientific career
Thesis Influence of protozoan grazing on the marine geochemistry of particle reactive trace metals  (1998)

Katherine Barbeau is a professor at Scripps Institution of Oceanography known for her work on trace metals and the linkages between trace metals and biology.

Contents

Education and career

Barbeau graduated from Mercy High School in Middleton, Connecticut. [1] She has a B.S. from Southampton College (1991), and then moved to the Université libre de Bruxelles for one year. [2] She earned a Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1998. Following her Ph.D. she was a postdoctoral researcher at the University of California, Santa Barbara until 2001 when she joined the faculty at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. [2]

Research

Barbeau is known for her work on trace metals, and how marine microorganisms interact with trace metals. Her early work examined how protozoan grazers relieve iron limitation in phytoplankton. [3] Through this research, Barbeau developed new analytical methods, [4] which she applied in the field. [5] Her subsequent research has examined photochemical interactions with metal compounds [6] [7] and iron limitation in the California Current. [8] [9] Her research has also investigated copper levels in the Pacific Ocean, [10] organic compounds that bind to metals in estuaries, [11] [12] and the mechanisms used by bacteria to incorporate metals such as iron into the cell [13] [14]

Katherine Barbeau continues to have her research interests lie in Biogeochemical cycling of trace metals in marine systems(focusing specifically on the Fe,Ni, and Cu metals), Biological transformations of trace metal speciation (the acquisition of trace metals), photochemical redox reactions of trace metals, and metals as limiting or co-limiting micronutrients in marine systems. [15]

Selected publications

Awards and honors

Related Research Articles

<i>Prochlorococcus</i> Genus of bacteria

Prochlorococcus is a genus of very small (0.6 μm) marine cyanobacteria with an unusual pigmentation. These bacteria belong to the photosynthetic picoplankton and are probably the most abundant photosynthetic organism on Earth. Prochlorococcus microbes are among the major primary producers in the ocean, responsible for a large percentage of the photosynthetic production of oxygen. Prochlorococcus strains, called ecotypes, have physiological differences enabling them to exploit different ecological niches. Analysis of the genome sequences of Prochlorococcus strains show that 1,273 genes are common to all strains, and the average genome size is about 2,000 genes. In contrast, eukaryotic algae have over 10,000 genes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siderophore</span> Iron compounds secreted by microorganisms

Siderophores (Greek: "iron carrier") are small, high-affinity iron-chelating compounds that are secreted by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. They help the organism accumulate iron. Although a widening range of siderophore functions is now being appreciated, siderophores are among the strongest (highest affinity) Fe3+ binding agents known. Phytosiderophores are siderophores produced by plants.

High-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) regions are regions of the ocean where the abundance of phytoplankton is low and fairly constant despite the availability of macronutrients. Phytoplankton rely on a suite of nutrients for cellular function. Macronutrients are generally available in higher quantities in surface ocean waters, and are the typical components of common garden fertilizers. Micronutrients are generally available in lower quantities and include trace metals. Macronutrients are typically available in millimolar concentrations, while micronutrients are generally available in micro- to nanomolar concentrations. In general, nitrogen tends to be a limiting ocean nutrient, but in HNLC regions it is never significantly depleted. Instead, these regions tend to be limited by low concentrations of metabolizable iron. Iron is a critical phytoplankton micronutrient necessary for enzyme catalysis and electron transport.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dissolved organic carbon</span> Organic carbon classification

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is the fraction of organic carbon operationally defined as that which can pass through a filter with a pore size typically between 0.22 and 0.7 micrometers. The fraction remaining on the filter is called particulate organic carbon (POC).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Colored dissolved organic matter</span> Optically measurable component of the dissolved organic matter in water

Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is the optically measurable component of dissolved organic matter in water. Also known as chromophoric dissolved organic matter, yellow substance, and gelbstoff, CDOM occurs naturally in aquatic environments and is a complex mixture of many hundreds to thousands of individual, unique organic matter molecules, which are primarily leached from decaying detritus and organic matter. CDOM most strongly absorbs short wavelength light ranging from blue to ultraviolet, whereas pure water absorbs longer wavelength red light. Therefore, water with little or no CDOM, such as the open ocean, appears blue. Waters containing high amounts of CDOM can range from brown, as in many rivers, to yellow and yellow-brown in coastal waters. In general, CDOM concentrations are much higher in fresh waters and estuaries than in the open ocean, though concentrations are highly variable, as is the estimated contribution of CDOM to the total dissolved organic matter pool.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gelatinous zooplankton</span> Fragile and often translucent animals that live in the water column

Gelatinous zooplankton are fragile animals that live in the water column in the ocean. Their delicate bodies have no hard parts and are easily damaged or destroyed. Gelatinous zooplankton are often transparent. All jellyfish are gelatinous zooplankton, but not all gelatinous zooplankton are jellyfish. The most commonly encountered organisms include ctenophores, medusae, salps, and Chaetognatha in coastal waters. However, almost all marine phyla, including Annelida, Mollusca and Arthropoda, contain gelatinous species, but many of those odd species live in the open ocean and the deep sea and are less available to the casual ocean observer. Many gelatinous plankters utilize mucous structures in order to filter feed. Gelatinous zooplankton have also been called Gelata.

The G. Evelyn Hutchinson Award is an award granted annually by the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography to a mid-career scientist for work accomplished during the preceding 5–10 years for excellence in any aspect of limnology or oceanography. The award is named in honor of the ecologist and limnologist G. Evelyn Hutchinson. Hutchinson requested that recipients of the award have made considerable contributions to knowledge, and that their future work promise a continuing legacy of scientific excellence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Copper toxicity</span> Type of metal poisoning

Copper toxicity is a type of metal poisoning caused by an excess of copper in the body. Copperiedus could occur from consuming excess copper salts, but most commonly it is the result of the genetic condition Wilson's disease and Menke's disease, which are associated with mismanaged transport and storage of copper ions. Copper is essential to human health as it is a component of many proteins. But hypercupremia can lead to copper toxicity if it persists and rises high enough.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrichrome</span> Chemical compound

Ferrichrome is a cyclic hexa-peptide that forms a complex with iron atoms. It is a siderophore composed of three glycine and three modified ornithine residues with hydroxamate groups [-N(OH)C(=O)C-]. The 6 oxygen atoms from the three hydroxamate groups bind Fe(III) in near perfect octahedral coordination.

Many bacteria secrete small iron-binding molecules called siderophores, which bind strongly to ferric ions. FepA is an integral bacterial outer membrane porin protein that belongs to outer membrane receptor family and provides the active transport of iron bound by the siderophore enterobactin from the extracellular space, into the periplasm of Gram-negative bacteria. FepA has also been shown to transport vitamin B12, and colicins B and D as well. This protein belongs to family of ligand-gated protein channels.

All living cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a byproduct of metabolism. ROS are reduced oxygen intermediates that include the superoxide radical (O2−) and the hydroxyl radical (OH•), as well as the non-radical species hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). These ROS are important in the normal functioning of cells, playing a role in signal transduction and the expression of transcription factors. However, when present in excess, ROS can cause damage to proteins, lipids and DNA by reacting with these biomolecules to modify or destroy their intended function. As an example, the occurrence of ROS have been linked to the aging process in humans, as well as several other diseases including Alzheimer's, rheumatoid arthritis, Parkinson's, and some cancers. Their potential for damage also makes reactive oxygen species useful in direct protection from invading pathogens, as a defense response to physical injury, and as a mechanism for stopping the spread of bacteria and viruses by inducing programmed cell death.

Siderocalin(Scn), lipocalin-2, NGAL, 24p3 is a mammalian lipocalin-type protein that can prevent iron acquisition by pathogenic bacteria by binding siderophores, which are iron-binding chelators made by microorganisms. Iron serves as a key nutrient in host-pathogen interactions, and pathogens can acquire iron from the host organism via synthesis and release siderophores such as enterobactin. Siderocalin is a part of the mammalian defence mechanism and acts as an antibacterial agent. Crystallographic studies of Scn demonstrated that it includes a calyx, a ligand-binding domain that is lined with polar cationic groups. Central to the siderophore/siderocalin recognition mechanism are hybrid electrostatic/cation-pi interactions. To evade the host defences, pathogens evolved to produce structurally varied siderophores that would not be recognized by siderocalin, allowing the bacteria to acquire iron.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Photogeochemistry</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Viral shunt</span>

The viral shunt is a mechanism that prevents marine microbial particulate organic matter (POM) from migrating up trophic levels by recycling them into dissolved organic matter (DOM), which can be readily taken up by microorganisms. The DOM recycled by the viral shunt pathway is comparable to the amount generated by the other main sources of marine DOM.

Yvette Hardman Edmondson was the editor of Limnology and Oceanography the premier journal of the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography and was an aquatic scientist known for her research on bacteria in aquatic systems.

Sonya Dyhrman is an earth and environmental sciences professor who studies the physiology of phytoplankton and their role within marine ecosystems. She is also a fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology.

Patricia Marguerite Glibert is marine scientist known for her research on nutrient use by phytoplankton and harmful algal blooms in Chesapeake Bay. She is an elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Margaret Ruth Mulholland is professor at Old Dominion University known for her work on nutrients in marine and estuarine environments.

Helle Ploug is marine scientist known for her work on particles in seawater. She is a professor at the University of Gothenburg, and was named a fellow of the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography in 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Petrobactin</span> Chemical compound

Petrobactin is a bis-catechol siderophore found in M. hydrocarbonoclasticus, A. macleodii, and the anthrax-producing B. anthracis. Like other siderophores petrobactin is a highly specific iron(III) transport ligand, contributing to the marine microbial uptake of environmental iron.

References

  1. ↑ Yalesville resident named Mercy High valedictorian. Record-Journal. June 13, 1987.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Barbeau biography". Katherine Barbeau. Retrieved 2022-04-20.
  3. ↑ Barbeau, Katherine; Moffett, James W.; Caron, David A.; Croot, Peter L.; Erdner, Deana L. (1996). "Role of protozoan grazing in relieving iron limitation of phytoplankton". Nature. 380 (6569): 61–64. Bibcode:1996Natur.380...61B. doi:10.1038/380061a0. ISSN   0028-0836. S2CID   4272661.
  4. ↑ Barbeau, Katherine A.; Moffett, James W. (1998-10-01). "Dissolution of Iron Oxides by Phagotrophic Protists: Using a Novel Method To Quantify Reaction Rates". Environmental Science & Technology. 32 (19): 2969–2975. Bibcode:1998EnST...32.2969B. doi:10.1021/es9802549. ISSN   0013-936X.
  5. ↑ Barbeau, K.; Moffett, J. W. (2000). "Laboratory and field studies of colloidal iron oxide dissolution as mediated by phagotrophy and photolysis". Limnology and Oceanography. 45 (4): 827–835. Bibcode:2000LimOc..45..827B. doi:10.4319/lo.2000.45.4.0827. S2CID   98683522.
  6. ↑ Barbeau, Katherine; Rue, Eden L.; Trick, Charles G.; Bruland, Kenneth W.; Butler, Alison (2003). "Photochemical reactivity of siderophores produced by marine heterotrophic bacteria and cyanobacteria based on characteristic Fe(III) binding groups". Limnology and Oceanography. 48 (3): 1069–1078. Bibcode:2003LimOc..48.1069B. doi: 10.4319/lo.2003.48.3.1069 . S2CID   12689785.
  7. ↑ Barbeau, Katherine (2006). "Photochemistry of Organic Iron(III) Complexing Ligands in Oceanic Systems". Photochemistry and Photobiology. 82 (6): 1505–1516. doi:10.1562/2006-06-16-IR-935. ISSN   0031-8655. PMID   16968114. S2CID   19608553.
  8. ↑ Hogle, Shane L.; Dupont, Christopher L.; Hopkinson, Brian M.; King, Andrew L.; Buck, Kristen N.; Roe, Kelly L.; Stuart, Rhona K.; Allen, Andrew E.; Mann, Elizabeth L.; Johnson, Zackary I.; Barbeau, Katherine A. (2018-12-26). "Pervasive iron limitation at subsurface chlorophyll maxima of the California Current". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (52): 13300–13305. Bibcode:2018PNAS..11513300H. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1813192115 . ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   6310781 . PMID   30530699.
  9. ↑ King, Andrew L.; Barbeau, Katherine A. (2011-03-09). "Dissolved iron and macronutrient distributions in the southern California Current System". Journal of Geophysical Research. 116 (C3): C03018. Bibcode:2011JGRC..116.3018K. doi: 10.1029/2010JC006324 . ISSN   0148-0227.
  10. ↑ Ruacho, Angel; Bundy, Randelle M.; Till, Claire P.; Roshan, Saeed; Wu, Jingfeng; Barbeau, Katherine A. (2020). "Organic dissolved copper speciation across the U.S. GEOTRACES equatorial Pacific zonal transect GP16". Marine Chemistry. 225: 103841. doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2020.103841. S2CID   225234094.
  11. ↑ Bundy, Randelle M.; Abdulla, Hussain A.N.; Hatcher, Patrick G.; Biller, Dondra V.; Buck, Kristen N.; Barbeau, Katherine A. (2015). "Iron-binding ligands and humic substances in the San Francisco Bay estuary and estuarine-influenced shelf regions of coastal California". Marine Chemistry. 173: 183–194. doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2014.11.005.
  12. ↑ Bundy, Randelle M.; Barbeau, Katherine A.; Buck, Kristen N. (2013). "Sources of strong copper-binding ligands in Antarctic Peninsula surface waters". Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 90: 134–146. Bibcode:2013DSRII..90..134B. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.07.023.
  13. ↑ Manck, Lauren E.; Espinoza, Josh L.; Dupont, Christopher L.; Barbeau, Katherine A. (2020-04-28). Alegado, Rosie (ed.). "Transcriptomic Study of Substrate-Specific Transport Mechanisms for Iron and Carbon in the Marine Copiotroph Alteromonas macleodii". mSystems. 5 (2): e00070–20. doi:10.1128/mSystems.00070-20. ISSN   2379-5077. PMC   7190382 . PMID   32345736.
  14. ↑ Coale, Tyler H.; Moosburner, Mark; Horák, Aleš; Oborník, Miroslav; Barbeau, Katherine A.; Allen, Andrew E. (2019-11-19). "Reduction-dependent siderophore assimilation in a model pennate diatom". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (47): 23609–23617. Bibcode:2019PNAS..11623609C. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1907234116 . ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   6876252 . PMID   31685631.
  15. ↑ "Home". KATHERINE BARBEAU. Retrieved 2023-04-11.
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