Kawac Makwei

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Kawac Makuei Mayar Kawac is a politician from South Sudan who was a leader in the Anyanya I independence movement during the First Sudanese Civil War (1955-1972) and in the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) during the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005).

South Sudan Country in Africa

South Sudan, officially known as the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in East-Central Africa. It gained independence from the Republic of the Sudan in 2011, making it the most recent sovereign state with widespread recognition. Its capital and largest city is Juba.

The First Sudanese Civil War was a conflict from 1955 to 1972 between the northern part of Sudan and the southern Sudan region that demanded representation and more regional autonomy. Half a million people died over the 17 years of war, which may be divided into three stages: initial guerrilla war, Anyanya, and South Sudan Liberation Movement.

Sudan Peoples Liberation Movement political party

The Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) is a political party in South Sudan. It was initially founded as the political wing of the Sudan People's Liberation Army in 1983. On January 9, 2005 the SPLA, SPLM and Government of Sudan signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, ending the civil war. SPLM then obtained representation in the Government of Sudan, and was the main constituent of the Government of the then semi-autonomous Southern Sudan. When South Sudan became a sovereign state on 9 July 2011, SPLM became the ruling party of the new republic. SPLM branches in Sudan separated themselves from SPLM, forming the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North. Further factionalism appeared as a result of the 2013-2014 South Sudanese Civil War, with President Salva Kiir leading the SPLM-Juba and former Vice President Riek Machar leading the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition.

Contents

Civil war

Kawac Makuei joined Anyanya I in 1963. By the time the Addis Ababa Accord of 1972 was signed he had become a major. He was one of the founders of the SPLA in 1983. [1] He became Commander of the Jamus battalion in the SPLA. In February 1984 Colonel Kawac Makuei led a successful operation into Wathkec, on the Mouth of the Jonglei Canal. [2] In 1986, he inspired thousands of recruits from Northern Bahr el Ghazal to make the long walk to Ethiopia. [3] In January 1990 the SPLM imprisoned Kawac Makuei and other influential figures in the movement, centralizing leadership around John Garang. [4]

The Addis Ababa Agreement, also known as the Addis Ababa Accord, was a set of compromises within a 1972 treaty that ended the First Sudanese Civil War (1955–1972) fighting in Sudan. The Addis Ababa accords were incorporated in the Constitution of Sudan.

Jonglei Canal

The Jonglei Canal is a canal project that has been proposed, started but never completed to divert water through the vast Sudd wetlands of South Sudan so as to deliver more water downstream to Sudan and Egypt for use in agriculture.

John Garang South Sudanese politician

John Garang de Mabior was a Sudanese politician and revolutionary leader. From 1983 to 2005, he led the Sudan People's Liberation Army during the Second Sudanese Civil War, and following a peace agreement he briefly served as First Vice President of Sudan for 3 weeks until his death in a helicopter crash on 30 July 2005. A developmental economist by profession, Garang was a major influence on the movement that led to the foundation of South Sudan.

On 21 April 1997 Kawac Makuei was among southern leaders who signed the Khartoum Peace Agreement of 1997, representing the Bahr al-Ghazal Independence Movement for Southern Sudan. The Agreement provided for self-governance of the south during a transitional period when a referendum would be held on the future form of government. It was boycotted by the SPLA. [5] He was appointed governor of Northern Bahr el Ghazal State. In June 1998 an attack was made on his house, apparently by members of a rival pro-government militia. [6]

The Khartoum Peace Agreement of 1997 was an agreement made on 21 April 1997 between the Khartoum-based government of Sudan and various militia leaders from South Sudan during the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005). The agreement formalized principles that had been agreed in a political charter signed in Khartoum on 10 April 1996.

Northern Bahr el Ghazal state of South Sudan

Northern Bahr el Ghazal was one of the 10 states of South Sudan before they were reorganised in 2015. It had an area of 30,543 km² and was part of the Bahr el Ghazal region. It bordered South Darfur to the north, Western Bahr el Ghazal to the west and south, and Warrap and Abyei to the east. Aweil was the capital of the state.

Later career

The civil war ended in January 2005. Kawac Makuei was appointed Chairperson of the Southern Sudan War Veterans Commission by the Government of South Sudan. [1] In February 2010, he declared his candidacy for Governor of Northern Bahr el Ghazal, running on the United Democratic Salvation Front (UDSF) platform. [7] In the April 2010 election, incumbent Governor Paul Malong Awan Anei of the SPLM got 162,209, General Dau Aturjong Nyuol won 84,452 and Kawac Makuei Kawac trailed with 9,854 votes. [8]

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References

  1. 1 2 "Chairperson's Profile". Southern Sudan War Veterans Commission. Archived from the original on 2011-06-28. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
  2. ↑ Guarak 2011, pp. 291.
  3. ↑ Guarak 2011, pp. 317.
  4. ↑ Guarak 2011, pp. 206.
  5. ↑ Bruce Maddy-Weitzman, Mekhon Shiloaḥ (1999). Middle East contemporary survey, Volume 21. The Moshe Dayan Center. p. 633. ISBN   0-8133-3762-3.
  6. ↑ "Splits within pro-government Sudanese groups". IRIN Update No. 446 for Central and Eastern Africa. UNITED NATIONS Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 26 Jun 1998. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
  7. ↑ Ngor Arol Garang (7 February 2010). "UDSF candidate for NBGS president slams SPLM electoral propaganda". Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
  8. ↑ Ngor Arol Garang (25 April 2010). "NBGS: NEC announces caretaker governor Malong as winner". Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 2011-09-15.

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