French is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages. French evolved from Gallo-Romance, the spoken Latin in Gaul, and more specifically in Northern Gaul. Its closest relatives are the other langues d'oïl—languages historically spoken in northern France and in southern Belgium, which French (Francien) has largely supplanted. French was also influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul like Gallia Belgica and by the (Germanic) Frankish language of the post-Roman Frankish invaders. Today, owing to France's past overseas expansion, there are numerous French-based creole languages, most notably Haitian Creole. A French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as Francophone in both English and French.
A local government is a form of public administration which, in a majority of contexts, exists as the lowest tier of administration within a given state. The term is used to contrast with offices at state level, which are referred to as the central government, national government, or federal government and also to supranational government which deals with governing institutions between states. Local governments generally act within powers delegated to them by legislation or directives of the higher level of government. In federal states, local government generally comprises the third tier of government, whereas in unitary states, local government usually occupies the second or third tier of government, often with greater powers than higher-level administrative divisions.
Luxembourg's 102 Communes conform to LAU Level 2 and are the country's lowest administrative divisions.
Proportional representation (PR) characterizes electoral systems in which divisions in an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. If n% of the electorate support a particular political party, then roughly n% of seats will be won by that party. The essence of such systems is that all votes contribute to the result - not just a plurality, or a bare majority. The most prevalent forms of proportional representation all require the use of multiple-member voting districts, as it is not possible to fill a single seat in a proportional manner. In fact, the implementations of PR that achieve the highest levels of proportionality tend to include districts with large numbers of seats.
The Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party, abbreviated to LSAP or POSL, is a social-democratic political party in Luxembourg. The LSAP is the second-largest party in the Chamber of Deputies, having won 13 of 60 seats at the 2013 general election, and has one seat in the European Parliament. The LSAP is currently part of the Bettel–Schneider government, with Etienne Schneider of the LSAP serving as Deputy Prime Minister. Since March 2014, the party's President has been Claude Haagen.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
Related Research Articles
General elections were held in Luxembourg on 13 June 2004, alongside European Parliament elections. The ruling Christian Social People's Party (CSV) of Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker won the election, increasing its number of seats to its highest since before 1989 and its share of the vote to levels not seen since the 1959 election.
Luxembourg communal council is the local council for the commune of Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg.
Esch-sur-Alzette communal council is the local council for the commune of Esch-sur-Alzette, in south-western Luxembourg.
Dudelange communal council is the local council for the commune of Dudelange, in southern Luxembourg.
Pétange communal council is the local council for the commune of Pétange, in south-western Luxembourg.
Sanem communal council is the local council for the commune of Sanem, in south-western Luxembourg.
Schifflange communal council is the local council for the commune of Schifflange, in south-western Luxembourg.
The Hesperange communal council is the local council for the commune of Hesperange, in southern Luxembourg.
Mamer communal council is the local council for the commune of Mamer, in south-western Luxembourg.
Bettembourg communal council is the local council for the commune of Bettembourg, in southern Luxembourg.
Mersch communal council is the local council for the commune of Mersch, in central Luxembourg.
Bascharage communal council is the local council for the commune of Bascharage, in south-western Luxembourg.
Wiltz communal council is the local council for the commune of Wiltz, in north-western Luxembourg.
Strassen communal council is the local council for the commune of Strassen, in central Luxembourg.
Mondercange communal council is the local council for the commune of Mondercange, in southern Luxembourg.
Steinsel communal council is the local council for the commune of Steinsel, in central Luxembourg.
General elections were held in Luxembourg on 7 June 2009, together with the 2009 election to the European Parliament. All sixty members of the Chamber of Deputies were elected for five years. The polls were topped by the Christian Social People's Party, which built upon its already high number of seats to achieve a commanding victory, with the highest vote share and number of seats of any party since 1954. Incumbent Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker, who is longest serving head of government in the European Union, renewed the coalition agreement with Deputy Prime Minister and Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party leader Jean Asselborn and formed the Juncker-Asselborn Ministry II, which was sworn-in on 23 July 2009.
Diekirch communal council is the local council for the commune of Diekirch, in north-eastern Luxembourg.
The Ettelbruck communal council is the local council for the commune of Ettelbruck, in central Luxembourg.
Etienne Schneider is a Luxembourg politician and economist of the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP). He was a municipal councillor in Kayl from 1995 to 2005, and from 1997 to 2004, he was secretary general of the parliamentary group of the LSAP in Parliament. He was elected first alderman of the municipality of Kayl in 2005, a mandate he held until May 2010. Schneider was appointed Minister of the Economy and Foreign Trade on 1 February 2012. In the government formed following the 2013 Luxembourg general election he is Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Economy. He continued to hold these offices following the 2018 Luxembourg general election, where he became the health minister too. From 2013 to 2018, he served as Minister for Defence. Following the 2018 Luxembourg general election, he became the first openly gay politician to be reelected for the office of deputy minister.
