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The Racial Contract is a book by the Jamaican-American philosopher Charles W. Mills in which he shows that, although it is conventional to represent the social contract moral and political theories of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant as neutral with respect to race and ethnicity, in actuality, the philosophers understood them to regulate only relations between whites; in relation to non-whites, these philosophers helped to create a "racial contract", which in both formal and informal ways permitted whites to oppress and exploit non-whites and validate their own moral ideals in dealing with non-whites. Because in contemporary political philosophy, white philosophers take their own white privilege for granted, they don't recognize that white supremacy is a political system, and so in their developments of ideal, moral and political theory never consider actual practice. Mills proposes to develop a non-ideal theory "to explain and expose the inequities of the actual nonideal policy and to help us see through the theories and moral justifications offered in defense of them." Using it as a central concept, "the notion of a Racial Contract might be more revealing of the real character of the world we are living in, and the corresponding historical deficiencies of its normative theories and practices, than the raceless notions currently dominant in political theory." The book has been translated into various languages.
Zillah R. Eisenstein is an American political theorist and gender studies scholar and Emerita Professor of the Department of Politics at Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York. Specializing in political and feminist theory; class, sex, and race politics; and construction of gender, Eisenstein is the author of twelve books and editor of the 1978 collection Capitalist Patriarchy and the Case for Socialist Feminism, which published the Combahee River Collective statement.
Benjamin Kline Hunnicutt, Sr., is a historian. He has been a professor at the University of Iowa since 1975.
Valerie Hansen is an American historian.
The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness is a 1993 history book about a distinct black Atlantic culture that incorporated elements from African, American, British, and Caribbean cultures. It was written by Paul Gilroy and was published by Harvard University Press and Verso Books.
Anarchist Voices: An Oral History of Anarchism in America is a 1995 oral history book of 53 interviews with anarchists over 30 years by Paul Avrich.
Suzi Gablik was an American visual artist, author, art critic, and professor of art history and art criticism. She lived in Blacksburg, Virginia.
The Communal Experience: Anarchist and Mystical Counter-Cultures in America is a book-length historical and sociological study of cultural radicalism in the United States, written by historian Laurence Veysey and published in 1973 by Harper & Row.
Émile Durkheim: His Life and Work is a 1972 biography of the sociologist Emile Durkheim written by Steven Lukes.
Cathy Lisa Schneider is an American author and professor of urban politics, comparative social movements, and criminal justice. She is a professor at the American University School of International Service.
Taylor Stoehr (1931–2013) was an American professor and author. He edited several volumes of Paul Goodman's work as his literary executor.
Beer and Revolution: The German Anarchist Movement in New York City, 1880–1914 is a 2007 history book by Tom Goyens following the lives of German immigrant radicals in New York City.
Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890–1940 is a 1994 history book by George Chauncey about gay life in New York City during the early 20th century. An updated 2019 edition commemorates the Stonewall Rebellion's 50th anniversary.
David F. Labaree is a historian of education and Lee L. Jacks Professor of Education at Stanford University.
Marshall Sharon Shatz is an American historian and scholar of Russia.
The Overworked American: The Unexpected Decline of Leisure is a 1992 book by labor economist Juliet Schor on the increase of American working hours in the late 20th century.
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Rudolph John Vecoli (1927–2008) was an American professor of immigration history who taught at the University of Minnesota.
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