Kenya Special Forces

Last updated
Special Forces Operations Command
Kenya Army Rangers insignia.jpg
Patch of the Kenya Army Rangers
CountryFlag of Kenya.svg  Kenya
Rolespecial operations
Size
Part of Kenya Defence Forces

The Kenya Special Forces are units tasked with special operations found within the three branches of the Kenya Defence Forces and are under Special Forces Operations Command. [1] The Army has the largest number of these units under the Army Special Operations Brigade (Kenya) containing the 20th Parachute Battalion (20th Paras), 30th Special Forces Battalion (30 SF) and 40th Ranger Strike Force (40 RSF). [2] The Air Force has a Rapid Deployment Squadron (RDS) tasked with retrieving airmen behind enemy lines and it is the most recent addition to Kenya's specialized military units. The Navy has two units under its Special Operations Squadron which are the Clearance Diving Unit (CDU) and the main Special Boat Unit (SBU) formed with American assistance in the mid 2000s. The Special Operations Training School (SOTS) in Gilgil, Naivasha serves as the premier training establishment for all potential special forces operators. [3] Kenyan special forces have been deployed in Southern Somalia, the Frontier counties of Mandera, Wajir and Garissa on the border with Somalia, Boni Forest near the Somali border and Eastern DRC [4]

Contents

Army Units

This is the oldest special forces unit within the Kenya Defence Forces and its Ranger 'D' Company was tasked to combat terrorist activities post 9/11. The unit was brought up with American assistance through the Combined Joint Task Force-Horn of Africa (CJTF-HOA) based in Djibouti and was initially thought to be the sole specialized unit within the Kenya Defence Forces. The 20th Paras are tasked with infiltrating enemy lines during high intensity conflicts, capturing strategic objectives and joint operations with regular infantry units. The unit was deployed near the border with Uganda in Operation Okoa Maisha during the Mt Elgon insurgency in 2008 where although successful in quelling the SLDF they faced accusations of illegal detention and torture. [5]

In the mid 2000s Kenya's Ministry of Defence began looking into forming a new unit of special forces to better serve the military in light of the global war on terror. Kenyan officials were concerned by events in Somalia and approached the U.S. government to help form and train their special forces and commando units, this led to the Kenya Ranger Strike Force Initiative. The American government invested $40M through IMET courses for Ranger and Ranger Instructor courses at Fort Benning. [6] Section 1206 was used to further secure funding for training and equipment, holding Joint Combined Exchange and Training (JCET) and using the East African Regional Security Initiative (EARSI now PREACT) to provide equipment and fund training.

On 18 March 2011 the first class fully taught by Kenyan instructors graduated. This led to the creation of the two newer units; 40th Rangers Strike Force modelled on the U.S. Army Rangers and the 30th Special Forces modelled along the British SAS. The Special Operations Regiment houses all the Army's special and commando units. All special forces operators first undergo training at the Special Operations Training School (SOTS) in Gilgil before being flown abroad for further specialized training. These units were extensively used during Operation Linda Nchi in Southern Somalia and the amphibious landings that led to the fall of the port city of Kismayu. [7] There have also been reports that some operators serving within these units were deployed to Beni, Eastern DRC to help FARDC combat ADF Islamist rebels in the area. In recent times another specialized unit has been rumored to have been set up within the Special Operations Regiment tasked with long range surveillance behind enemy lines. [8]

Not much is known about the Long Range Surveillance (LRS) group. The Czech Republic is thought to be a major partner in helping the Kenya Army build up this unit through its 601 Special Forces Group. This unit is tasked with reconnaissance deep behind enemy lines and are known to have been deployed extensively in Somalia's Gedo region. This unit is however not deemed to be under the army's Special Operations Regiment and it is instead run by the Directorate of Military Intelligence.[ citation needed ]

Other Units

The Air Force formed the Rapid Deployment Squadron after losing a pilot whose jet developed technical problems over Southern Somalia. [9] The pilot managed to eject before impact in Al Shabaab held territory but was never retrieved. This led to the need of a dedicated force within the Air Force that would be able to carry out search and rescue missions for downed airmen behind enemy lines. The Rapid Deployment Squadron is based at Laikipia Air Base, Nanyuki where Kenya's main Fighter Jet Squadron is also headquartered [10]

The Kenya Navy has had a dedicated Special Boat Unit tasked with interceptions and special operations at high seas. It is rumoured that this unit is based at Manda Bay Naval Base near the Lamu Archipelago with a forward operating base in Kiunga. It was created in 2010 with assistance from the U.S. Navy Special Warfare Combatant- Craft Crewman (SWCC) personnel. The unit works with the Clearance Diving Unit in carrying out special tasks within the Navy. The main operational focus of the unit is controlling maritime traffic between Kenya and Somalia and it employs Twenty-Five Foot Defender Class response craft. Over 200 personnel have been trained in small craft operations through a Comprehensive Maritime Security Course (CMSI) by the U.S. Naval Special Warfare Task Unit (NWSTU).

The Clearance Diving Unit is an older outfit tasked with handling clearance diver missions such as combat diving, explosive ordnance disposal, beach survey and under water inspection but not much more is known about this unit.[ citation needed ] They are thought to be based at the Kenya Navy headquarters at Mtongwe Naval Base in Mombasa. Recently the Kenya Navy has shown interest in developing a naval tactical marine operations unit to supplement the work of its Special Boat Unit and the Clearance Diving Unit [11]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kenya Defence Forces</span> Armed forces of Kenya

The Kenya Defence Forces (KDF) are the armed forces of the Republic of Kenya. They are made up of the Kenya Army, Kenya Navy, and Kenya Air Force. The current KDF was established, and its composition stipulated, in Article 241 of the 2010 Constitution of Kenya; it is governed by the KDF Act of 2012. Its main mission is the defence and protection of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Kenya, recruitment to the KDF is done on yearly basis. The President of Kenya is the commander-in-chief of the KDF, and the Chief of Defence Forces is the highest-ranking military officer, and the principal military adviser to the President of Kenya.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Navy SEALs</span> U.S. Navy special operations force

The United States Navy Sea, Air, and Land (SEAL) Teams, commonly known as Navy SEALs, are the U.S. Navy's primary special operations force and a component of the Naval Special Warfare Command. Among the SEALs' main functions are conducting small-unit special operation missions in maritime, jungle, urban, arctic, mountainous, and desert environments. SEALs are typically ordered to capture or kill high-level targets, or to gather intelligence behind enemy lines. SEAL team personnel are hand-selected, highly trained, and possess a high degree of proficiency in direct action (DA), and special reconnaissance (SR), among other tasks like sabotage, demolition, intelligence gathering, and hydro-graphic reconnaissance, training, and advising friendly militaries or other forces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Special forces of India</span> Special units or platoons of the Indian army performing special tasks

India has several Special Forces (SF) units, with the branches of the Indian Armed Forces having their own separate special forces units. The Indian Army has the Para SF, the Indian Navy has the MARCOS, and the Indian Air Force has the Garud Commando Force. There are other special forces which are not controlled by the military, but operate under civilian organisations, such as the National Security Guard under Home Ministry and Special Group under RAW. Small groups from the military SF units are deputed in the Armed Forces Special Operations Division, a unified command and control structure.

<i>Marinejegerkommandoen</i> Norwegian naval special operations unit

Marinejegerkommandoen (MJK) is the maritime/naval special warfare unit of the Norwegian Armed Forces and was established in 1953.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canadian Airborne Regiment</span> Military unit

The Canadian Airborne Regiment was a Canadian Forces formation created on April 8, 1968. It was not an administrative regiment in the commonly accepted British Commonwealth sense, but rather a tactical formation manned from other regiments and branches. It was disbanded in 1995 after the Somalia affair.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MARCOS</span> Indian Navy special operations force

The Marine Commandos, abbreviated to MARCOS and officially called the Marine Commando Force (MCF), are the special forces of the Indian Navy. The MARCOS were originally named Indian Marine Special Force, which was later changed to Marine Commando Force to impart "an element of individuality" to it, according to the Indian Navy. The abbreviation 'MARCOS' was coined afterwards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Garud Commando Force</span> Indian Air Force unit

The Garud Commando Force is the special forces unit of the Indian Air Force. It was formed in February 2004 and has a current strength of over 1500 personnel. The unit derives its name from Garuda, a Hindu deity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Special forces of Australia</span> Units of Australian Defence Force

The special forces of the Australian Defence Force are units of Special Operations Command and associated units of the Royal Australian Navy and the Royal Australian Air Force that conduct and or support special operations to advance and protect the national security of the Commonwealth of Australia. The special forces of Australia have a lineage to a variety of units raised in the Second World War such as the Independent and Commando Companies, Z Special Unit, Navy Beach Commandos, and the Coastwatchers. Australian special forces have most recently been deployed to Iraq in Operation Okra as the Special Operations Task Group, as the Special Operations Task Group in Afghanistan, in Afghanistan in support of the Australian Secret Intelligence Service and regularly for counter-terrorism pre-deploy to locations of major domestic events throughout Australia in readiness to support law enforcement such as the 2014 G20 Brisbane summit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Navy Expeditionary Combat Command</span> Echelon III command of the U.S. Navy

The Navy Expeditionary Combat Command (NECC) is an echelon III command of the United States Navy, which serves as the single functional command to centrally manage current and future readiness, resources, manning, training and equipping of the United States Navy's 21,000 expeditionary forces who are currently serving in every theater of operation. The NECC was established in January 2006. NECC is a subordinate command of the Navy's Fleet Forces Command.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kenya Navy</span> Naval branch of Kenya Defence Forces

The Kenya Navy is the naval branch of the Kenya Defence Forces. It is headquartered in Mombasa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kustjägarna</span> Ranger unit of the Swedish Amphibious Corps

The 202nd Coastal Ranger Company is an amphibious special operations capable ranger unit within the Swedish Amphibious Corps, which is the maritime land force arm of the Swedish Navy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PASKAU</span> Special operations force of the Royal Malaysian Air Force

The Pasukan Khas TUDM – it is better known as PASKAU – is the special operations force of the Royal Malaysian Air Force.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marine Commandos</span> Marine special operations group of the Lebanese Army

The Marine Commandos are an elite unit of the Lebanese Army. They are part of the Lebanese Special Operations Command. Established with assistance from the United States Navy SEALs and the British Royal Marines, they are tasked with conducting a variety of missions, particularly in a maritime environment, which include: sabotage, raids, beach landings and maritime counter-terrorism. The Marine Commandos were established in 1997, then got their administrative independence in July 2001.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kenya Army</span> Military unit

The Kenya Army is the land arm of the Kenya Defence Forces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PASKAL</span> Special operations force of the Royal Malaysian Navy

The Pasukan Khas Laut, commonly abbreviated to PASKAL, is the principal special operations force of the Royal Malaysian Navy.

The Special Forces and Elite Forces include both a specially and higher trained unit and a small percentage of personnel from a specific Malaysian military branch, law enforcement or government agency. In Malaysia, the term 'Special Forces' is widely used by uniformed services for special forces, special operations forces and 'special' trained units while 'Elite Forces' for units that more trained and capable combat. Regular personnel must undertake specialized and higher training to be able to join the units of the 'Special and Elite Forces'. These "Special Elite Forces" are denoted by different beret colours, shoulder tabs, unit patches, skill badges and uniforms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Naval Special Operation Force</span> Elite special forces of the Vietnam Peoples Navy trained to attack enemy water targets

The Naval Special Operations Force also known as Maritime Commando(đặc công nước) is an elite special force of the Vietnam People's Navy trained to attack enemy water targets such as harbors, ships, etc. and targets that can only be accessed via water: Isolated bases, naval bases, etc. Compared to the ground commandos, some view the naval special forces as even more advanced, with the belief that "fighting in the water is much more difficult than on land", and the equipment and weapons are also different than their land variant. This is the most elite special forces of the Vietnam People's Navy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Army Special Operations Brigade (Kenya)</span> Army Special Forces

The Army Special Operations Brigade is a special forces unit of the Kenyan Army, tasked with airborne operations, commando raids, reconnaissance, counter-insurgency, infiltration and other specialized forms of warfare.

References

  1. See for commander of SFOC "President Kenyatta promotes Major General Francis Ogolla and appoints him to Vice Chief of the Defense Forces". 24 July 2021.
  2. "Licensed to kill: The world of Kenya's elite forces". Nation.africa. July 2, 2020.
  3. [ dead link ]
  4. [ dead link ]
  5. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2022-02-05. Retrieved 2022-02-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. "Kenyan soldiers receive close look at U.S. Army specialty schools". Dvidshub.net.
  7. "Kenya to use US and UK-trained special forces and rangers to capture Kismayu | The East African". Theeastafrican.co.ke.
  8. John Mbati (28 October 2020). "Behind Enemy Lines: Inside KDF's Secret Unit". Kenyans.co.ke.
  9. [ dead link ]
  10. Samuel Messo (21 August 2018). "PHOTOS: KDF Finally Launches Air Force Most 'Lethal' Unit". Kenyans.co.ke.
  11. "Kenya toughens sea warfare team with more marine commandos". Nation.africa. September 15, 2020.