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A Ponzi scheme is a form of fraud that lures investors and pays profits to earlier investors with funds from more recent investors. The scheme leads victims to believe that profits are coming from product sales or other means, and they remain unaware that other investors are the source of funds. A Ponzi scheme can maintain the illusion of a sustainable business as long as new investors contribute new funds, and as long as most of the investors do not demand full repayment and still believe in the non-existent assets they are purported to own.
A stock market, equity market or share market is the aggregation of buyers and sellers of stocks, which represent ownership claims on businesses; these may include securities listed on a public stock exchange, as well as stock that is only traded privately, such as shares of private companies which are sold to investors through equity crowdfunding platforms. Investment in the stock market is most often done via stockbrokerages and electronic trading platforms. Investment is usually made with an investment strategy in mind.
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is an independent agency of the United States federal government. The SEC holds primary responsibility for enforcing the federal securities laws, proposing securities rules, and regulating the securities industry, which is the nation's stock and options exchanges, and other activities and organizations, including the electronic securities markets in the United States.
Initial public offering (IPO) or stock market launch is a type of public offering in which shares of a company are sold to institutional investors and usually also retail (individual) investors. An IPO is underwritten by one or more investment banks, who also arrange for the shares to be listed on one or more stock exchanges. Through this process, colloquially known as floating, or going public, a privately held company is transformed into a public company. Initial public offerings can be used to raise new equity capital for companies, to monetize the investments of private shareholders such as company founders or private equity investors, and to enable easy trading of existing holdings or future capital raising by becoming publicly traded.
A mutual fund is a professionally managed investment fund that pools money from many investors to purchase securities. These investors may be retail or institutional in nature.
A public company, publicly traded company, publicly held company, publicly listed company, or public limited company is a company whose ownership is organized via shares of stock which are intended to be freely traded on a stock exchange or in over-the-counter markets. A public company can be listed on a stock exchange, which facilitates the trade of shares, or not. In some jurisdictions, public companies over a certain size must be listed on an exchange.
Financial services are the economic services provided by the finance industry, which encompasses a broad range of businesses that manage money, including credit unions, banks, credit-card companies, insurance companies, accountancy companies, consumer-finance companies, stock brokerages, investment funds, individual managers and some government-sponsored enterprises. Financial services companies are present in all economically developed geographic locations and tend to cluster in local, national, regional and international financial centers such as London, New York City, and Tokyo.
A private investment in public equity, often called a PIPE deal, involves the selling of publicly traded common shares or some form of preferred stock or convertible security to private investors. It is an allocation of shares in a public company not through a public offering in a stock exchange. PIPE deals are part of the primary market. In the U.S., a PIPE offering may be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission on a registration statement or may be completed as an unregistered private placement.
Robert Charles Pozen is an American financial executive with a strong interest in public policy. He is the former chairman of MFS Investment Management, the oldest mutual fund company in the United States. He is also a senior lecturer at MIT Sloan School of Management and at Harvard Business School, and a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution.
A structured product, also known as a market-linked investment, is a pre-packaged structured finance investment strategy based on a single security, a basket of securities, options, indices, commodities, debt issuance or foreign currencies, and to a lesser extent, derivatives.
Financial risk is any of various types of risk associated with financing, including financial transactions that include company loans in risk of default. Often it is understood to include only downside risk, meaning the potential for financial loss and uncertainty about its extent.
In finance, margin is collateral that the holder of a financial instrument has to deposit with a counterparty to cover some or all of the credit risk the holder poses for the counterparty. This risk can arise if the holder has done any of the following:
Margin of safety is the difference between the intrinsic value of a stock and its market price.
The economics of information security addresses the economic aspects of privacy and computer security. Economics of information security includes models of the strictly rational “homo economicus” as well as behavioral economics. Economics of security addresses individual and organizational decisions and behaviors with respect to security and privacy as market decisions.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to finance:
There are two basic financial market participant categories, Investor vs. Speculator and Institutional vs. Retail. Action in financial markets by central banks is usually regarded as intervention rather than participation.
The term economic terrorism or financial terrorism is strictly defined to indicate an attempt at economic destabilization by a group. Economic terrorism is defined in the following terms:
Contrary to "economic warfare" which is undertaken by states against other states, "economic terrorism" would be undertaken by transnational or non-state actors. This could entail varied, coordinated and sophisticated or massive destabilizing actions in order to disrupt the economic and financial stability of a state, a group of states or a society or a trading exchange for ideological, monetary or religious motives.
These actions, if undertaken, may be violent or not. They could have either immediate effects or carry psychological effects which in turn have economic consequences.
Kevin Allen Hassett is an American economist who was the Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers. He is known for his work on tax policy and for coauthoring the book Dow 36,000, published in 1999. On June 2, 2019, President Trump announced Hassett's impending departure from the Trump Administration.
Lucideus is an Enterprise Cyber Security platforms company incubated from IIT Bombay and backed by Cisco's former Chairman and CEO John Chambers. It protects multiple Fortune 500 companies and governments around the world. The name Lucideus is derived from Lucifer (Satan) and Deus (God) as they are in the business of hacking for good.
Dr. Vijay Kishanlal Kedia is an Indian investor trader based out of Mumbai. He is involved in the market since he was 19. Kedia and his company - Kedia Securities Pvt. Ltd., are the largest shareholder in several listed companies. Kedia was a keynote speaker at IIM Ahmedabad & IIM Bangalore He has also delivered a speech at the Bombay Stock Exchange. He has also spoken at TEDx Amritsar He was invited to speak at London Business School.
References
- ↑ "National Security Investment Counsel Institute". National Security Investment Counsel Institute. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
- ↑ Freeman, Kevin (2002). Investing in Separate Accounts . New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 253. ISBN 0071385088.
- ↑ Freeman, Kevin (2012). Secret Weapon: How Economic Terrorism Brought Down the U.S. Stock Market and Why It can Happen Again. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing. p. 256. ISBN 1596987944.
- ↑ Freeman, Kevin (2014). Game Plan: How to Protect Yourself from the Coming Cyber-Economic Attack. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing. p. 300. ISBN 1621572005.
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