Kharoshthi (Unicode block)

Last updated
Kharoshthi
RangeU+10A00..U+10A5F
(96 code points)
Plane SMP
Scripts Kharoshthi
Major alphabetsGandhari
Sanskrit
Assigned68 code points
Unused28 reserved code points
Unicode version history
4.1 (2005)65 (+65)
11.0 (2018)68 (+3)
Note: [1] [2]

Kharoshthi is a Unicode block containing characters used to write the Gandhari and Sanskrit languages in northwest India from the 3rd century BCE to the 4th century CE.

Kharoshthi [1] [2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
 0123456789ABCDEF
U+10A0x𐨀 𐨁 𐨂 𐨃 𐨅 𐨆 𐨌 𐨍 𐨎 𐨏
U+10A1x𐨐𐨑𐨒𐨓𐨕𐨖𐨗𐨙𐨚𐨛𐨜𐨝𐨞𐨟
U+10A2x𐨠𐨡𐨢𐨣𐨤𐨥𐨦𐨧𐨨𐨩𐨪𐨫𐨬𐨭𐨮𐨯
U+10A3x𐨰𐨱𐨲𐨳𐨴𐨵 𐨸 𐨹 𐨺 𐨿 
U+10A4x𐩀𐩁𐩂𐩃𐩄𐩅𐩆𐩇𐩈
U+10A5x𐩐𐩑𐩒𐩓𐩔𐩕𐩖𐩗𐩘
Notes
1. ^ As of Unicode version 14.0
2. ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

History

The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Kharoshthi block:

Version Final code points [lower-alpha 1] Count L2  ID WG2  IDDocument
4.1U+10A00..10A03, 10A05..10A06, 10A0C..10A13, 10A15..10A17, 10A19..10A33, 10A38..10A3A, 10A3F..10A47, 10A50..10A5865 L2/02-203R2 N2524 Glass, Andrew; Baums, Stefan; Salomon, Richard (2002-09-19), Proposal to Encode Kharoshthi in Plane 1 of ISO/IEC 10646
L2/02-424 McGowan, Rick (2002-11-20), Supplementary Information to Accompany L2/02-203R2, Proposal to Encode Kharoshthi
L2/03-314R2 N2732 Glass, Andrew; Baums, Stefan; Salomon, Richard (2003-09-18), Proposal to Encode Kharoshthi in Plane 1 of ISO/IEC 10646
N2956 Freytag, Asmus (2005-08-12), "Representative glyphs for U+17D2 and U+10A3F", Unicode Consortium Liaison Report for WG2 Meeting #47
L2/05-180 Moore, Lisa (2005-08-17), "Consensus 104-C12", UTC #104 Minutes, Change the representative glyphs for Kharoshthi U+10A3F and Khmer U+17D2 to be the same as U+17D2, but with both enclosed in a dashed box...
N2953 (pdf, doc)Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2006-02-16), "M47.16 (Miscellaneous glyph defects)", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 47, Sophia Antipolis, France; 2005-09-12/15
11.0U+10A34..10A35, 10A483 L2/17-012 N4812 Glass, Andrew; Baums, Stefan (2017-01-17), Additional Characters for Kharoṣṭhī Script
L2/17-037 Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Glass, Andrew; Iancu, Laurențiu; Moore, Lisa; Liang, Hai; Ishida, Richard; Misra, Karan; McGowan, Rick (2017-01-21), "8. Kharoshthi", Recommendations to UTC #150 January 2017 on Script Proposals
L2/17-016 Moore, Lisa (2017-02-08), "C.2.1", UTC #150 Minutes
  1. Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names

Related Research Articles

Geometric Shapes is a Unicode block of 96 symbols at code point range U+25A0–25FF.

Number Forms is a Unicode block containing Unicode compatibility characters that have specific meaning as numbers, but are constructed from other characters. They consist primarily of vulgar fractions and Roman numerals. In addition to the characters in the Number Forms block, three fractions were inherited from ISO-8859-1, which was incorporated whole as the Latin-1 supplement block.

Combining Diacritical Marks is a Unicode block containing the most common combining characters. It also contains the character "Combining Grapheme Joiner", which prevents canonical reordering of combining characters, and despite the name, actually separates characters that would otherwise be considered a single grapheme in a given context. Its block name in Unicode 1.0 was Generic Diacritical Marks.

Block Elements is a Unicode block containing square block symbols of various fill and shading. Used along with block elements are box-drawing characters, shade characters, and terminal graphic characters. These can be used for filling regions of the screen and portraying drop shadows. Its block name in Unicode 1.0 was Blocks.

Control Pictures is a Unicode block containing characters for graphically representing the C0 control codes, and other control characters. Its block name in Unicode 1.0 was Pictures for Control Codes.

Cherokee is a Unicode block containing the syllabic characters for writing the Cherokee language. When Cherokee was first added to Unicode in version 3.0 it was treated as a unicameral alphabet, but in version 8.0 it was redefined as a bicameral script. The Cherokee block contains all the uppercase letters plus six lowercase letters. The Cherokee Supplement block, added in version 8.0, contains the rest of the lowercase letters. For backwards compatibility, the Unicode case folding algorithm—which usually converts a string to lowercase characters—maps Cherokee characters to uppercase.

Hangul Compatibility Jamo Unicode character block

Hangul Compatibility Jamo is a Unicode block containing Hangul characters for compatibility with the South Korean national standard KS X 1001. Its block name in Unicode 1.0 was Hangul Elements.

Hiragana is a Unicode block containing hiragana characters for the Japanese language.

Katakana is a Unicode block containing katakana characters for the Japanese and Ainu languages.

Katakana Phonetic Extensions is a Unicode block containing additional small katakana characters for writing the Ainu language, in addition to characters in the Katakana block.

Variation Selectors Supplement is a Unicode block containing additional Variation Selectors beyond those found in the Variation Selectors block.

Enclosed CJK Letters and Months is a Unicode block containing circled and parenthesized Katakana, Hangul, and CJK ideographs. Also included in the block are miscellaneous glyphs that would more likely fit in CJK Compatibility or Enclosed Alphanumerics: a few unit abbreviations, circled numbers from 21 to 50, and circled multiples of 10 from 10 to 80 enclosed in black squares.

Brahmi is a Unicode block containing characters written in India from the 3rd century BCE through the first millennium CE. It is the predecessor to all modern Indic scripts.

Byzantine Musical Symbols is a Unicode block containing characters for representing Byzantine-era musical notation.

Alchemical Symbols is a Unicode block containing symbols for chemicals and substances used in ancient and medieval alchemy texts.

Saurashtra is a Unicode block containing characters used up to the late 19th century as a primary script for the Saurashtra language. The Saurashtra Unicode encoding supports both traditional and modern Saurashtra orthographies.

Sharada is a Unicode block containing historic characters for writing Kashmiri, Sanskrit, and other languages of the northern Indian subcontinent in the 8th to 20th centuries.

Rumi Numeral Symbols is a Unicode block containing numeric characters used in Fez, Morocco, and elsewhere in North Africa and the Iberian peninsula, between the tenth and seventeenth centuries.

Ugaritic is a Unicode block containing cuneiform alphabetic characters for writing the Ugaritic and Hurrian languages of the Ugarit city-state from the 15th-12th centuries BCE.

Cherokee Supplement is a Unicode block containing the syllabic characters for writing the Cherokee language. When Cherokee was first added to Unicode in version 3.0 it was treated as a unicameral alphabet, but in version 8.0 it was redefined as a bicameral script. The Cherokee Supplement block contains lowercase letters only, whereas the Cherokee block contains all the uppercase letters, together with six lowercase letters. For backwards compatibility, the Unicode case folding algorithm—which usually converts a string to lowercase characters—maps Cherokee characters to uppercase.

References

  1. "Unicode character database". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2016-07-09.
  2. "Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2016-07-09.