Khawarnaq

Persian miniature illustrating the construction of Khawarnaq

Khawarnaq was a medieval castle constructed by the Arab Lakhmids near their capital of al-Hira. Its design was due to the legendary architect Senemar. ^[1] The castle is mentioned in both Arabic and Persian sources, but it is difficult to determine what information is historical and what is legend. ^[2]

References

1. Meisami, Julie Scott; Starkey, Paul (1998). Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature. Taylor & Francis. ISBN   9780415185721.
2. Würsch 2013, pp. 143–145.

Sources

• Würsch, Renate (2013). "Ḵawarnaq". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica . Vol. XVI/2: Kassites–Kégl, Sándor. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 143–145. ISBN   978-1-934283-39-4.

Further reading

• Loosley, Emma (2018). "Khawarnaq". In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity . Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0-19-866277-8.
• Massignon, L. (1978). "al- K̲h̲awarnaḳ" . In van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. & Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume IV: Iran–Kha. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 1133. OCLC   758278456.