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Fertility awareness (FA) refers to a set of practices used to determine the fertile and infertile phases of a woman's menstrual cycle. Fertility awareness methods may be used to avoid pregnancy, to achieve pregnancy, or as a way to monitor gynecological health.
Calendar-based methods are various methods of estimating a woman's likelihood of fertility, based on a record of the length of previous menstrual cycles. Various methods are known as the Knaus–Ogino method and the rhythm method. The standard days method is also considered a calendar-based method, because when using it, a woman tracks the days of her menstrual cycle without observing her physical fertility signs. The standard days method is based on a fixed formula taking into consideration the timing of ovulation, the functional life of the sperm and the ovum, and the resulting likelihood of pregnancy on particular days of the menstrual cycle. These methods may be used to achieve pregnancy by timing unprotected intercourse for days identified as fertile, or to avoid pregnancy by avoiding unprotected intercourse during fertile days.
Ovulation is the release of eggs from the ovaries. In women, this event occurs when the ovarian follicles rupture and release the secondary oocyte ovarian cells. After ovulation, during the luteal phase, the egg will be available to be fertilized by sperm. In addition, the uterine lining (endometrium) is thickened to be able to receive a fertilized egg. If no conception occurs, the uterine lining as well as the egg will be shed during menstruation.
The Billings ovulation method is a method in which women use their vaginal mucus to determine their fertility. It does not rely on the presence of ovulation, rather it identifies patterns of potential fertility and obvious infertility within the cycle, whatever its length. Effectiveness, however, is not very clear.
Natural family planning (NFP) comprises the family planning methods approved by the Catholic Church and some Protestant denominations for both achieving and postponing or avoiding pregnancy. In accordance with the Church's teachings regarding sexual behavior, NFP excludes the use of other methods of birth control, which it refers to as "artificial contraception".
Basal body temperature is the lowest body temperature attained during rest. It is usually estimated by a temperature measurement immediately after awakening and before any physical activity has been undertaken. This will lead to a somewhat higher value than the true BBT.
Unipath Ltd was a pharmaceutical company, subsidiary to Unilever and then Alere, specialising mainly in medical diagnostic kits related to women's reproductive health. It subsequently diversified its product range to include more specialised test kits, primarily for the clinical market, in areas other than women's reproductive healthcare.
Cambridge Temperature Concepts (CTC) is a UK-based company that specialises in the design and manufacture of continuous physiological monitoring devices. Their main product is a patented fertility monitor called DuoFertility.
Pregnancy rate is the success rate for getting pregnant. It is the percentage of all attempts that leads to pregnancy, with attempts generally referring to menstrual cycles where insemination or any artificial equivalent is used, which may be simple artificial insemination (AI) or AI with additional in vitro fertilization (IVF).
A conception device is a medical device which is used to assist in the achievement of a pregnancy, often, but not always, by means other than sexual intercourse. This article deals exclusively with conception devices for human reproduction.
Withings is a French consumer electronics company headquartered in Issy-les-Moulineaux, France. It also has offices in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, and Hong Kong, and distributes its products worldwide. Withings is known for design and innovation in connected devices, such as the first Wi-Fi scale on the market, an FDA-cleared blood pressure monitor, a smart sleep system, and a line of automatic activity tracking watches. It also provides B2B services for healthcare providers and researchers.
Fertility testing is the process by which fertility is assessed, both generally and also to find the "fertile window" in the menstrual cycle. General health affects fertility, and STI testing is an important related field.
Clearblue is a brand of Swiss Precision Diagnostics that offers consumer home diagnostic products such as pregnancy tests, ovulation tests and fertility monitors.
Clue is a menstrual health app developed by the Berlin-based technology company BioWink GmbH. The app has over 15 million users from 180 different countries. The startup has raised over $17 million from backers that include Union Square Ventures and Mosaic Ventures.
Natural Cycles is a mobile app designed to help women track their fertility. The app predicts the days on which a woman is fertile and may be used for planning pregnancy and contraception. It was developed by scientist Elina Berglund, who founded the company with her husband, Raoul Scherwitzl.
Femtech is a term used to define software and services that use technology tailored towards women's health. This includes fertility solutions, period-tracking apps, pregnancy and nursing care, women's sexual wellness, and reproductive system health care. While there are several different aspects of women's health femtech applies to, femtech mainly focuses on menstruation care through period-tracking apps. Before Femtech was officially established, Luna Luna, created by a firm in Japan, helped women keep track of their menstruation cycles. Now called Luna, the app uses AI to predict those cycles.
Bellabeat is a wellness company founded by Urška Sršen and Sandro Mur in 2014. It is best known for its Leaf smart jewelry wearable line. The company has offices in San Francisco, Zagreb and Hong Kong.
Amos Grunebaum is an American obstetrician and gynecologist. He serves as Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Zucker School of Medicine, as Professor Emeritus at the medical school Weill Cornell Medicine, and as a specialist in maternal-fetal medicine and high-risk pregnancies. He is also the founder of Babymed.com, which is a website for pregnant women and those trying to conceive, the site is up since 2000.
Flo is a health app that provides menstrual cycle and ovulation tracking.
Ava is a medical technology company that developed the Ava bracelet, a wearable device that functions as a fertility tracker.
References
- 1 2 Bort, Julie (February 23, 2014). "This Couple's App Helped 10,000 Women Get Pregnant And They Say It Can Replace Birth Control Too". Business Insider. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- 1 2 Magee, Christine (August 19, 2015). "More Than Just A Period Tracker, Kindara Raises $5.3M To Understand Women's Health". TechCrunch. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- ↑ Priya Fertility and Ovulation Monitor [ permanent dead link ]
- ↑ Lindenstein, Joshua (March 17, 2016). "Boulder startup Kindara names former SendGrid exec CEO". BizWest. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- ↑ Revelant, Julie (November 30, 2014). "7 gadgets and apps to improve your fertility". Fox News. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
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