Coal mining regions are significant resource extraction industries in many parts of the world. They provide a large amount of the fossil fuel energy in the world economy.
According to the United States Energy Information Administration (EIA), Pakistan may have over 9 billion barrels (1.4×109 cubic metres) of petroleum oil and 105 trillion cubic feet (3.0 trillion cubic metres) in natural gas (including shale gas) reserves.
Rovinari Coal Mine is an open-pit mining exploitation, the largest in Romania, located in Rovinari, Gorj County. The legal entity managing the Rovinari mine is the National Company of Lignite Oltenia which was set up in 1997.
Anina Coal Mine is an underground mine that is now closed. It was one of the largest mines in Romania. It is located in South-Western Romania, in Anina, Caraș-Severin County in the historical Banat region. The mine still has large reserves of anthracite, lignite, brown coal and oil shale amounting to over 1.3 billion tonnes. It was owned by Miniera Banat a state owned company that specialised in the management of coal mines in the Banat region. The mine opened in 1790 making it the longest running mine in Romania until its closure in 2006. Its galleries are hundreds of kilometers in length and reach a depth of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) making it the deepest mine in Romania and one of the deepest in Europe. The mine supplied oil shale to the nearby Crivina Power Station, a 990 MW thermal power station, the first oil shale power station in Romania, that had to be supplied with around 4 million tonnes of oil shale per year.
The Dęby Szlacheckie coal deposit is a lignite deposit in the north of Poland in Dęby Szlacheckie, Greater Poland Voivodeship, 130 km north-west of the capital, Warsaw. The Dęby Szlacheckie deposit has estimated reserves of 92 million tonnes of coal.
The Bugojno Coal Mine is a brown coal mine with headquarter in Bugojno in Central Bosnia Canton. The open pit mine in village Gračanica has coal reserves amounting to 1.29 billion tonnes of lignite. The mine has an annual production capacity of 0.3 million tonnes of coal.
The Kreka Coal Mine is a coal mine located in the Tuzla Canton. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 1.12 billion tonnes of lignite, one of the largest coal reserves in Europe and the world. The mine has an annual production capacity of 2.95 million tonnes of coal. It is one of the last remaining operators of steam locomotives as of 2023, with five DRB Class 52 locomotives still in operating service transporting lignite from the mine to the Tuzla Power Plant, the largest coal plant in the region.
The Đurđević Coal Mine is a coal mine located in the Tuzla Canton in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 75 million tonnes of lignite, one of the largest coal reserves in Europe and the world. The mine has an annual production capacity of 0.2 million tonnes of coal.
The Banovići Coal Mine is a brown coal mine located in Banovići, in the Tuzla Canton. The mine consists of three surface mines: Čubrić, Turija and Grivice and the underground Omazići mine and has coal reserves amounting to 208 million tonnes of lignite, which makes it one of the largest coal reserves in Europe and the world. The mine, which is owned and operated by RMU Banovići, has an annual production capacity of 1.27 million tonnes of coal. The coal mine used in 2014 still steam locomotives on its railway.
The Kakanj Coal Mine is a coal mine located in the Zenica-Doboj Canton. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 440 million tonnes of lignite, one of the largest coal reserves in Europe and the world. The mine has an annual production capacity of 0.9 million tonnes of coal.
The Zenica Coal Mine is a brown coal mine located in Zenica, Zenica-Doboj Canton. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 961 million tonnes of lignite, one of the largest coal reserves in Europe and the world. The mine has an annual production capacity of 0.25 million tonnes of coal.
The Breza coal mine is a brown coal mine in Breza, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Zenica-Doboj Canton. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 73.1 million tonnes of lignite, one of the largest coal reserves in Europe and the world. The mine has an annual production capacity of 0.2 million tonnes of coal.
The Tušnica Coal Mine is an open-pit coal mine located in the Tuzla Canton. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 78.9 million tonnes of lignite, one of the largest coal reserves in Europe and the world. The mine has an annual production capacity of 0.2 million tonnes of coal.
The Kamengrad Coal Mine is a coal mine located in the Una-Sana Canton. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 284.7 million tonnes of lignite, one of the largest coal reserves in Europe and the world. The mine has an annual production capacity of 0.4 million tonnes of coal and provides fuel to the Kamengrad lignite power plant.
The Ugljevik Coal Mine also known as Bogutovo Coal Mine is an open-pit coal mine located in the Republika Srpska. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 336.1 million tonnes of lignite, one of the largest coal reserves in Europe and the world. The mine has an annual production capacity of 0.8 million tonnes of coal.
The Stanari Coal Mine is an open-pit coal mine located in the municipality Doboj, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 148.8 million tonnes of lignite, one of the largest coal reserves in Europe and the world. The mine has an annual production capacity of 0.5 million tonnes of coal.
The Gacko Coal Mine is a coal mine located in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 372.2 million tonnes of lignite, one of the largest coal reserves in Europe and the world. The mine has an annual production capacity of 0.8 million tonnes of coal.
The Livno Coal Mine is a coal mine located near Livno, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 95.4 million tonnes of lignite, one of the largest coal reserves in Europe and the world. The mine has an annual production capacity of 0.23 million tonnes of coal.
The Miljevina Coal Mine is a coal mine located in the eastern part of Republika Srpska. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 77.1 million tonnes of lignite, one of the largest coal reserves in Europe and the world. The mine has an annual production capacity of 0.1 million tonnes of coal. Miljevina power station construction is under consideration.
Lignite coal in Kosovo is and will continue to be an important local energy source due to its high reserves. Kosovo is very rich in lignite and accounts around 90% of Kosovo's electricity production. The nation has the 5th largest lignite reserves in the world and the 3rd in Europe. The lignite is distributed across the Kosovo, Dukagjin and Drenica Basins, although mining has so far been restricted to the Kosovo Basin. The lignite is of high quality for the generation of electricity and compares well with the lignite resources of neighbouring countries on a range of parameters. Kosovo's lignite varies in net calorific value from 6.28-9.21 MJ/kg, averaging 7.8 MJ/kg. The deposits can be up to 100 m thick, but average 40 m, and possess an average strip ratio of 1.7:1.
