The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS),also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea Treaty,is an international treaty that establishes a legal framework for all marine and maritime activities. As of July 2024,169 States and the European Union are parties.
The East China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean,located directly offshore from East China. China names the body of water along its eastern coast as "East Sea" due to direction,the name of "East China Sea" is otherwise designated as a formal name by International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) and used internationally.
Robert Jervis was an American political scientist who was the Adlai E. Stevenson Professor of International Politics in the Department of Political Science at Columbia University. Jervis was co-editor of the Cornell Studies in Security Affairs,a series published by Cornell University Press.
Jendayi Elizabeth Frazer is the former U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs,heading the Bureau of African Affairs. She was a Distinguished Service Professor at Carnegie Mellon University's Heinz College and Department of Social and Decision Sciences.
Hezbollah social services are social development programs organized by the Lebanese paramilitary group and political party,Hezbollah. Hezbollah's popularity among the Lebanese Shiite population,historically one of the poorest and most neglected communities in Lebanon,stems partly from the social services it provides. Social services have a central role in the party's programs,closely linked to its military and politico-religious functions.
The University of Tennessee,Knoxville is a public land-grant research university in Knoxville,Tennessee. Founded in 1794,two years before Tennessee became the 16th state,it is the flagship campus of the University of Tennessee system,with ten undergraduate colleges and eleven graduate colleges. It hosts more than 30,000 students from all 50 states and more than 100 foreign countries. It is classified among "R1:Doctoral Universities –Very high research activity".
The nine-dash line,also referred to as the eleven-dash line by Taiwan,is a set of line segments on various maps that accompanied the claims of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China in the South China Sea. The contested area includes the Paracel Islands,the Spratly Islands,the Pratas Island and the Vereker Banks,the Macclesfield Bank,and the Scarborough Shoal. Certain places have undergone land reclamation by the PRC,ROC,and Vietnam. The People's Daily of the PRC uses the term Duànxùxiàn (断续线) or Nánhǎi Duànxùxiàn,while the ROC government uses the term Shíyīduàn xiàn.
Territorial disputes in the South China Sea involve conflicting island and maritime claims in the South China Sea made by Brunei,Indonesia,Malaysia,the Philippines,the People's Republic of China (PRC),Taiwan,and Vietnam. The disputes involve the islands,reefs,banks,and other features of the region,including the Spratly Islands,Paracel Islands,Scarborough Shoal,and various boundaries in the Gulf of Tonkin. The waters near the Indonesian Natuna Islands,which some regard as geographically part of the South China Sea,are disputed as well.
The Republic of Cyprus (Cyprus) and Turkey have been engaged in a dispute over the extent of their exclusive economic zones (EEZ),ostensibly sparked by oil and gas exploration in the area. Turkey objects to Cypriot drilling in waters that Cyprus has asserted a claim on. The present maritime zones dispute touches on the perennial Cyprus and Aegean disputes;Turkey is the only member state of the United Nations that does not recognise Cyprus,and is one of the countries which are not signatory to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,which Cyprus has signed and ratified.
The South China Sea Arbitration was an arbitration case brought by the Republic of the Philippines against the People's Republic of China (PRC) under Annex VII of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea concerning certain issues in the South China Sea,including the nine-dash line introduced by the mainland-based Republic of China since as early as 1947. A tribunal of arbitrators appointed the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) as the registry for the proceedings.
Shebaa is a town on the south-eastern tip of Lebanon. It has a largely Sunni Muslim population of 25,000 people. It is situated at an altitude of approximately 1,700 m (5,600 ft) above sea level;spread across two steep rocky mountainsides. It lies adjacent to the contested Shebaa farms—which sit between the town and the Golan Heights. Before 1967,residents of Shebaa farmed in the disputed Shebaa farms territory.
Bilateral relations exist between the State of Qatar and the Kingdom of Bahrain. They first began in 1971.
Mira Rapp-Hooper is an American political scientist currently serving as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for East Asia and Oceania at the White House National Security Council (NSC) in the Biden administration. She is the White House's top advisor for and responsible for coordinating US government policy towards the region. From 2021–2023 she served as Director for Indo-Pacific Strategy at the NSC where she was responsible for the White House's Indo-Pacific Strategy,the management of the Quad partnership among Australia,India,Japan,and the United States,and US-Japan-ROK trilateral relations,among other initiatives. In 2021 she briefly served at the State Department on the Secretary's Policy Planning Staff.
Lisa Martin is an American political scientist. She is a professor of political science at the University of Wisconsin,Madison. She studies political institutions in international relations,including economic sanctions and cooperation between states. Martin was the first female editor of International Organization,where she also currently serves as a senior advisor to the journal's editorial board. In 2021,she was elected as president of the American Political Science Association for 2022-2023.
Taylor Fravel is an American political scientist. He specializes in international security.
The Chinese Maritime Militia,also called the People's Armed Force Maritime Militia (PAFMM) or Fishery Militia (渔政民兵),is a naval militia of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It is the smallest of the three maritime forces used in Chinese sea patrol operations,next to the China Coast Guard (CCG) and the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN).
The Israeli–Lebanese maritime border dispute was a territorial dispute between the State of Israel and the Republic of Lebanon over the Qana and Karish gas fields. The dispute lasted from 2010 until 2022,and was resolved after nearly two years of negotiations.
Sarah Weiss Maudi,also known as Sarah Weiss Ma'udi,is an international lawyer,diplomat,educator,and advocate. She was the Legal Advisor of Israel’s Permanent Mission to the United Nations. Weiss Maudi founded the Israel MFA Women in Diplomacy Network in 2012 and is on its board.
Ingrid Johnsen Haas is an American political scientist at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. She is an expert on political behavior,social psychology,and cognitive neurosciences. She researches the effect of emotions and identity on the expression of political attitudes.
Fotini Christia is a Greek political scientist. She is the Ford International Professor of the Social Sciences at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
