Charles-Forbes-René, comte de Montalembert was a French publicist, historian and Count of Montalembert, Deux-Sèvres, and a prominent representative of liberal Catholicism.
Jean-Baptiste Henri-Dominique Lacordaire, OP, often styled Henri-Dominique Lacordaire, was a French ecclesiastic, preacher, journalist, theologian and political activist. He re-established the Dominican Order in post-Revolutionary France. Lacordaire was reputed to be the greatest pulpit orator of the nineteenth century.
Félicité Robert de La Mennais was a French Catholic priest, philosopher and political theorist. He was one of the most influential intellectuals of Restoration France. Lamennais is also considered the forerunner of both liberal Catholicism and Modernism.
Charles-Marie-Photius Maurras was a French author, politician, poet, and critic. He was an organizer and principal philosopher of Action Française, a political movement that is monarchist, anti-parliamentarist, and counter-revolutionary. Maurras also held anti-communist, anti-Masonic, anti-Protestant, and antisemitic views, while being highly critical of Nazism, referring to it as "stupidity". His ideas greatly influenced National Catholicism and integral nationalism, led by his tenet that "a true nationalist places his country above everything".
Modernism in the Catholic Church describes attempts to reconcile Catholicism with modern culture, specifically an understanding of the Bible and Sacred Tradition in light of the historical-critical method and new philosophical and political developments of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Liberal Catholicism was a current of thought within the Roman Catholic Church influenced by classical liberalism and promoting the separation of church and state, freedom of religion in the civic arena, expanded suffrage, and broad-based education. It was influential in the 19th century and the first half of the 20th, especially in France. It is largely identified with French political theorists such as Felicité Robert de Lamennais, Henri Lacordaire, and Charles Forbes René de Montalembert influenced, in part, by a similar contemporaneous movement in Belgium.
Mirari vos, sometimes referred to as Mirari vos arbitramur, was the fourth encyclical letter of Pope Gregory XVI and was issued in August 1832. Addressed to "All Patriarchs, Primates, Archbishops, and Bishops of the Catholic World", it is general in its audience and scope, whereas his three earlier encyclicals had been addressed to more specific audiences in the Papal States and the Kingdom of Poland.
Singulari Nos was an encyclical issued on June 25, 1834, by Pope Gregory XVI. Essentially a follow-up to the better-known Mirari vos of 1832, Singulari Nos focused strongly on the views of French priest Felicité Robert de Lamennais, who did not see any contradiction between Catholicism and then-modern ideals of liberalism and the separation of church and State.
L'Univers was a French daily newspaper with a Catholic orientation, founded in 1833 by Abbé Jacques-Paul Migne. It ceased publication in 1919.
Paul-Thérèse-David d'Astros was a French Roman Catholic Cardinal and archbishop.
Olympe-Philippe Gerbet was a French writer and Catholic bishop.
Emmanuel d'Alzon, AA was a French Catholic priest who founded the Assumptionists and was a leading figure of the Catholic Church in France in the 19th century.
In the politics of Belgium, Unionism or Union of Opposites is a Belgian political movement that existed from the 1820s to 1846. (In the present day, the term 'unionists' is sometimes used in a Belgian context to describe those who oppose the partition of Belgium, such as members of the Belgische Unie – Union Belge and l’Unie parties.
Louis Jean Népomoucène Marie Rousseau was a French naval officer and veteran of the Napoleonic Wars, a utopian socialist, theorist of social Catholicism and founder of the community of Keremma.
The Fédération Nationale Catholique (FNC) was a French movement that was active in the 1920s and 1930s, with the purpose of defending the Catholic Church against secular trends in the governments of the time. The Federation was founded in 1924 in response to the election of a left-wing government with a secularist policy. After rapidly gaining members and staging large demonstrations, it soon achieved its goal of maintaining the status quo separation between church and state. The movement gradually lost momentum in the years that followed, although it remained in existence during the Vichy regime.
Le Mémorial catholique was a French journal established in January 1824 by Abbés Philippe Gerbet and Antoine de Salinis. Aimed at French monarchists who had become or were recognized as liberals, it ceased publication in August 1830.
Antoine de Salinis (born August 11, 1798, in Morlaàs and died January 30, 1861 in Auch was a Bishop of Amiens from 1849 to 1856, and later Archbishop of Auch until 1861.
La Presse Régionale was a French Catholic press group founded by Paul Féron-Vrau in 1905.
Le Nouvelliste de Bretagne was a Catholic daily newspaper based in Rennes, France, founded in December 1901 and ceased publication in September 1944. It played a significant role in regional Catholic journalism, reflecting the political, social, and religious tensions of early 20th-century Brittany.
