LASCAD

Last updated

On 26 October 1992 the London Ambulance Service started to use a new computer-assisted dispatch (CAD) system, known as LASCAD. [1] Poorly designed and implemented, its introduction led to significant delays in the assigning of ambulances - before the system eventually crashed, [2] [3] with anecdotal reports of 11-hour waits. Media reports at the time claimed that up to 30 people may have died as a result of the chaos, despite a lack of evidence. The then-chief executive, John Wilby, resigned shortly afterwards. [4] This failure is often cited in case studies of poor engineering management. [5]

Contents

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Waterfall model</span> Modelling a project in sequential phases


The waterfall model is a breakdown of development activities into linear sequential phases, meaning each phase is passed down onto each other, where each phase depends on the deliverables of the previous one and corresponds to a specialization of tasks. This approach is typical for certain areas of engineering design. In software development, it tends to be among the less iterative and flexible approaches, as progress flows in largely one direction through the phases of conception, initiation, analysis, design, construction, testing, deployment, and maintenance. The waterfall model is the earliest Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) approach used in software development.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Code review</span> Activity where one or more people check a programs code

Code review is a software quality assurance activity in which one or more people examine the source code of a computer program, either after implementation or during the development process. The persons performing the checking, excluding the author, are called "reviewers". At least one reviewer must not be the code's author.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ariane flight V88</span> Failed maiden flight of Ariane 5, 1996

Ariane flight V88 was the failed maiden flight of the Arianespace Ariane 5 rocket, vehicle no. 501, on 4 June 1996. It carried the Cluster spacecraft, a constellation of four European Space Agency research satellites.

Requirements engineering (RE) is the process of defining, documenting, and maintaining requirements in the engineering design process. It is a common role in systems engineering and software engineering.

Architecture description languages (ADLs) are used in several disciplines: system engineering, software engineering, and enterprise modelling and engineering.

Software visualization or software visualisation refers to the visualization of information of and related to software systems—either the architecture of its source code or metrics of their runtime behavior—and their development process by means of static, interactive or animated 2-D or 3-D visual representations of their structure, execution, behavior, and evolution.

A software regression is a type of software bug where a feature that has worked before stops working. This may happen after changes are applied to the software's source code, including the addition of new features and bug fixes. They may also be introduced by changes to the environment in which the software is running, such as system upgrades, system patching or a change to daylight saving time. A software performance regression is a situation where the software still functions correctly, but performs more slowly or uses more memory or resources than before. Various types of software regressions have been identified in practice, including the following:

Özalp Babaoğlu, is a Turkish computer scientist. He is currently professor of computer science at the University of Bologna, Italy. He received a Ph.D. in 1981 from the University of California at Berkeley. He is the recipient of 1982 Sakrison Memorial Award, 1989 UNIX InternationalRecognition Award and 1993 USENIX AssociationLifetime Achievement Award for his contributions to the UNIX system community and to Open Industry Standards. Before moving to Bologna in 1988, Babaoğlu was an associate professor in the Department of Computer Science at Cornell University. He has participated in several European research projects in distributed computing and complex systems. Babaoğlu is an ACM Fellow and has served as a resident fellow of the Institute of Advanced Studies at the University of Bologna and on the editorial boards for ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems and Springer-Verlag Distributed Computing.

Search-based software engineering (SBSE) applies metaheuristic search techniques such as genetic algorithms, simulated annealing and tabu search to software engineering problems. Many activities in software engineering can be stated as optimization problems. Optimization techniques of operations research such as linear programming or dynamic programming are often impractical for large scale software engineering problems because of their computational complexity or their assumptions on the problem structure. Researchers and practitioners use metaheuristic search techniques, which impose little assumptions on the problem structure, to find near-optimal or "good-enough" solutions.

Virgil Dorin Gligor is a Romanian-American professor of electrical and computer engineering who specializes in the research of network security and applied cryptography.

Computational humor is a branch of computational linguistics and artificial intelligence which uses computers in humor research. It is a relatively new area, with the first dedicated conference organized in 1996.

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are control systems that integrate computation and physical processes, with embedded computers and networks monitoring and controlling physical systems in real-time. In cyber-physical systems, physical and software components are deeply intertwined, able to operate on different spatial and temporal scales, exhibit multiple and distinct behavioral modalities, and interact with each other in ways that change with context. CPS involves transdisciplinary approaches, merging theory of cybernetics, mechatronics, design and process science. The process control is often referred to as embedded systems. In embedded systems, the emphasis tends to be more on the computational elements, and less on an intense link between the computational and physical elements. CPS is also similar to the Internet of Things (IoT), sharing the same basic architecture; nevertheless, CPS presents a higher combination and coordination between physical and computational elements.

In software testing, a test oracle is a provider of information that describes correct output based on the input of a test case. Testing with an oracle involves comparing actual results of the system under test (SUT) with the expected results as provided by the oracle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">T.H. Tse</span> Hong Kong academic, professor and researcher

T.H. Tse is a Hong Kong academic who is a professor and researcher in program testing and debugging. He is ranked internationally as the second most prolific author in metamorphic testing. According to Bruel et al., "Research on integrated formal and informal techniques can trace its roots to the work of T.H. Tse in the mid-eighties." The application areas of his research include object-oriented software, services computing, pervasive computing, concurrent systems, imaging software, and numerical programs. In addition, he creates graphic designs for non-government organizations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jerzy W. Rozenblit</span> Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Jerzy W. Rozenblit is a University Distinguished Professor and Raymond J. Oglethorpe Endowed Chair in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) at the University of Arizona, in Tucson, Arizona. He also holds a joint appointment as Professor of Surgery at the University of Arizona College of Medicine. From 2003 to 2011 he served as the ECE Department Head. During his tenure at the University of Arizona, he established the Model-Based Design Laboratory with major projects in complex systems design hardware software codesign, modeling, and computer-aided minimally-invasive surgical training. He presently serves as Director of the Life-Critical Computing Systems Initiative, a research enterprise intended to improve the reliability and safety of technology in life-critical applications.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bashir Al-Hashimi</span> Computer engineer

Bashir Mohammed Ali Al-Hashimi is a computer engineering researcher, academic and higher education leader. He is Vice President and ARM Professor of Computer Engineering at King's College London in the United Kingdom. He was the co-founder and co-director of the ARM-ECS Research Centre, an industry-university collaboration partnership involving the University of Southampton and ARM. He is the chair of the Engineers 2030 working group, a national campaign overseen by the National Engineering Policy Centre and led by the UK Royal Academy of Engineering. The campaign centres around accelerating change and the future workforce of engineering.

Linda Ann Macaulay is the Emeritus Professor of System Design at the University of Manchester, specialising in Human–computer interaction, Requirements engineering and Service science, management and engineering.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hausi A. Muller</span> Canadian computer scientist and software engineer

Hausi A. Müller is a Canadian computer scientist and software engineer. He is a professor of computer science at the University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada and a Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering.

Marvin Victor Zelkowitz is an American computer scientist and engineer.

References

  1. Nick Plant. "University of the West of England: "LASCAD Case Study"". Cems.uwe.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 1 August 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
  2. Dalcher, D. (1999). "Disaster in London. The LAS case study". Proceedings ECBS'99. IEEE Conference and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems. pp. 41–52. doi:10.1109/ECBS.1999.755860. ISBN   0-7695-0028-5.
  3. "Personal Computer World: Ambulances won't crash again". Pcw.co.uk. 12 June 1997. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
  4. Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons, Westminster (28 October 1992). "House of Commons Hansard debates for 28th October 2002". Publications.parliament.uk. Retrieved 11 June 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. Mike Dahlin. "Coping with complexity - Jerome H. Saltzer (MIT)" (PDF). Advice to systems researchers. Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved 2 December 2010.

Further reading