La Veu de Catalunya (Catalonia voice) was a Catalan newspaper founded by Enric Prat de la Riba that was published in Barcelona from 1 January 1899 to 8 January 1937, with two editions daily.[1]
It was the press organ for the ideological and political program of the Lliga Regionalista, and the conservative editorial line promoted the so-called Autonomia, the normality of the public use of the Catalan language and the Catalan school. From a journalistic point of view, it was a modern newspaper, organized by sections, with correspondents and collaborators in the territory, and a team that combined young people and the best journalists of the time.[2] It was the longest running newspaper in Catalan of the 20th century, with 38 years of daily publication.[3] The header, designed by Domènec i Montaner, showed a quadribarred eagle. Josep Pla and Eugeni Xammar, in their day, and journalism historian Josep Maria Figueres, nowadays, have considered La Veu the best Catalan newspaper ever.[4]
Also under that name, Valentí Almirall's Diari Català had previously been published during one of the periods in which it was suspended, between 30 July and 28 August 1880.[5]
History
The newspaper "La Veu", as it is popularly known, was a continuation of the literary and political weekly of the same name, founded in 1891 by Narcís Verdaguer, Joaquim Cabot and Jaume Collell and published in December 1898, when it became a daily newspaper. The main political and journalistic figures of the future Veu de Catalunya newspaper, such as Francesc Cambó, Lluís Duran i Ventosa, Josep Puig i Cadafalch, Joaquim Rubió i Ors, Joan Sardà i Lloret, were among the writers and contributors. The daily edition was started by Enric Prat de la Riba with a political orientation and in defense of the program of the Regionalist League.
It was suspended in different periods, for articles published in 1900, 1901, 1902 and 1905. In 1902, its director was arrested during the day for reproducing an article in L' independent de Perpinyà on Roussillonese wine makers.[6] The newspaper was also suspended in 1917, when the Assemblea de Parlamentaris (Parliamentary Assembly) was convened, to prevent it from having a written public forum. In all cases, it appeared with other names (La Creu de Catalunya, Diari de Catalunya, La Veu de Barcelona, El Poble Català, Baluard de Sitges or Costa de Ponent) to avoid the ban.[7]
On 25 November 1905, the editorial staff was attacked by a group of soldiers who were upset by a caricature of Junceda, in which he is known as the "Fets del Cu-Cut!" and that this was the beginning of a process of repression of Catalan society through the Llei de Jurisdiccions (Law of Jurisdictions). That event stimulated the creation of Catalan Solidarity, an alliance of Catalan parties that triumphed in the elections to parliament in 1907.[1]
In July 1936, the newspaper installations were intervened, although they continued to be published, but with subtitles that defined the changes in political orientation: Diari de l'autonomia i de la República (Republic and Autonomous Newspaper), Diari antifeixista controlat pel Comitè Obrer (Anti-fascist newspaper controlled by workers' committee) and CNT-Diari antifeixista-AIT (CNT Anti-fascist newspaper AIT).[1]
Influence
La Veu had a remarkably great social and political influence in the journalism of the first third of the 20th century. It was a modern newspaper, divided into sections, which promoted the professionalization of journalism. It had a wide network of collaborators and correspondents around the world. Its journalists created the first ethical manuals and established precise internal instructions for the writing of articles, the contrast of sources and the design of pages.[3]
It is worth highlighting the importance of its literary and thought pages, such as the daily collaboration of Xènius with his "Glosari", between 1906 and 1921, the verses of Josep Carner "Rimes de l'hora", the narrative of Narcís Oller, the translations of Sagarra, the articles of Josep Pla, Gaziel, Maragall, etc.[8]
In 1909, Raimon Casellas and Joaquim Folch i Torres created the Pàgina Artística (Artistic Page) for their art reviews.[9] When Casellas committed suicide in 1910, Folch moved to the head of the art section of La Veu and used to sign with the pseudonym "Flama". From this platform, he was one of the first to use the term "Noucentisme", coined by Eugenio d'Ors, a participant in the very definition of the cultural movement of renewal that still did not respond to a specific definition.
Between 1929 and 1930, Llucieta Canyà was the head of the daily section Món feminí (Feminine World), essential to understand the Spanish conservative feminist movement before the Civil War.[10]
Manuel Brunet was in charge of the cultural section.[citation needed] In this section appeared the first 28 chants of Dante's Divine Comedy, translated into Catalanby Josep Maria de Sagarra, with 27 corresponding comments, but the Civil War truncated this enterprise.[11]
The Institute for Catalan Studies, also known by the acronym IEC, is an academic institution which seeks to undertake research and study into "all elements of Catalan culture". It is based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Modernisme, also known as Catalan modernism and Catalan art nouveau, is the historiographic denomination given to an art and literature movement associated with the search of a new entitlement of Catalan culture, one of the most predominant cultures within Spain. Nowadays, it is considered a movement based on the cultural revindication of a Catalan identity. Its main form of expression was Modernista architecture, but it also encompassed many other arts, such as painting and sculpture, and especially the design and the decorative arts, which were particularly important, especially in their role as support to architecture. Modernisme was also a literary movement.
Josep Bargalló i Valls is a Spanish teacher and politician from Catalonia and the current Minister of Education of Catalonia.
Lluís Domènech i Montaner was a Catalan architect who was very much involved in and influential for the Catalan Modernisme català, the Art Nouveau/Jugendstil movement. He was also a Catalan politician.
Regionalist League of Catalonia was a right wing political party of Catalonia, Spain. It had a Catalanist, conservative, and monarchic ideology. Notable members of the party were Enric Prat de la Riba, Francesc Cambó, Agustí Riera i Pau, Joan Ventosa and Ramon d'Abadal i Calderó.
Josep Carner i Puigoriol, was a Spanish poet, journalist, playwright and translator. He was also known as the Prince of Catalan Poets. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature seven times.
Noucentisme was a Catalan cultural movement of the early 20th century that originated largely as a reaction against Modernisme, both in art and ideology, and was, simultaneously, a perception of art almost opposite to that of avantgardists. In 1906, Eugenio d'Ors coined the term following the Italian tradition of naming styles after the centuries and using the homonyms nou (nine) and nou (new) to suggest it was a renovation movement. The same year two essential works for Noucentisme were published: Els fruits saborosos by Josep Carner and "La nacionalitat catalana" by the Conservative politician Enric Prat de la Riba.
Enric Prat de la Riba i Sarrà was a Catalan politician, lawyer and writer. He was a member of the Centre Escolar Catalanista, where one of the earliest definitions of Catalan nationalism was formulated. He became the first President of the Commonwealth of Catalonia on 6 April 1914 and retained this office until his death. He wrote the book and political manifesto La nacionalitat catalana in which greater autonomy to Catalonia was advocated. He died in 1917 and is interred in the Montjuïc Cemetery in Barcelona.
Estat Català is a pro-independence nationalist historical political party of Catalonia (Spain).
Josep Maria Benet i Jornet, also known as "Papitu", was one of the most renowned Catalan playwrights, considered one of the main renewers of Catalan theater.
The National Front of Catalonia was a Catalan separatist party which was active between 1940 and 1990. The FNC was created in 1940 by former members of the Estat Català and the Catalan Nationalist Party, with the latter dissolving and splitting its membership between the Estat Català and the FNC. The main goals of the FNC were to present an opposing front to the Spanish State of caudillo Franco and to advocate for Catalan independence. In 1946, the FNC became an officially independent party by breaking its relationship with the Estat Català.
The Diario de Barcelona was a newspaper founded in 1792 in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. With a few interruptions it was published in paper form until 1994, and in digital form until 2009, making it one of the oldest newspapers in Europe. It has been called the most important newspaper in Barcelona's history, or the first real chronicle of Barcelona.
Jaume Medina i Casanovas was a Catalan philologist, latinist, writer, translator and poet.
Francoism in Catalonia was established within Francoist Spain between 1939 and 1975, following the Spanish Civil War and post-war Francoist repression. Francisco Franco's regime replaced Revolutionary Catalonia after the Catalonia Offensive at the end of the war. The dictatorship in Catalonia complemented the suppression of democratic freedoms with the repression of Catalan culture. Its totalitarian character and its unifying objectives meant the imposition of a single culture and a single language, Castillian. The regime was specifically anti-Catalan, but this did not stop the development of a Catalan Francoism that was forged during the war and fed by victory.
Galeries Dalmau was an art gallery in Barcelona, Spain, from 1906 to 1930. The gallery was founded and managed by the Symbolist painter and restorer Josep Dalmau i Rafel. The aim was to promote, import and export avant-garde artistic talent. Dalmau is credited for having launched avant-garde art in Spain.
The Normes ortogràfiques are a list of 24 rules which were promulgated by the Institut d’Estudis Catalans on January 24, 1913, with the purpose of regularizing Catalan spelling. They were made to establish a graphic codification for the Catalan language, which at the time did not have a system of unitary spelling.
The ¡Cu-Cut! incident, also known as La Cuartelada, was an assault conducted by Spanish officers on the Catalan satirical magazine ¡Cu-Cut! offices in Barcelona on November 25, 1905 in response to the publication of a satirical cartoon mocking the Spanish military.
↑ Torrent, Joan; Tasis, Rafael (1966). Història de la premsa catalan[History of the Catalan press] (in Catalan). Vol.I. Barcelona: Bruguera. pp.150–151. - Figueres i Artigues, Josep M. (1999). El primer diari en llengua catalana. Diari Català (1879–1881)[The first newspaper in the Catalan language. Diari Català (1879–1881)]. Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans. ISBN84-7283-477-8.. Part available at Google Books(in Catalan)
↑ Cuenca, Pere Bosch i (19 November 2017). "La veu empresonada". El Punt Avui (in Catalan). Retrieved 4 January 2020.
↑ Salvà, Bernat (18 August 2014). "Una veu influent i prestigiosa"[An influential and prestigious voice]. El Punt Avui (in Catalan). Retrieved 4 January 2020.
Vidal i Jansà, Mercè (2014). "Ressenya biogràfica". IEC.
Calpena, Enric (14 June 2015). "En guàrdiaǃː 582-"La Veu de Catalunya"". Corporació Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals. TV3 a la carta (in Catalan). Retrieved 31 December 2019.
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