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The Landsberg family is a German noble family originating from the Westphalia, whose members settled in Courland and later in Lithuania and Poland.
| | This article needs additional citations for verification .(September 2023) |
The Landsberg family is a German noble family originating from the Westphalia, whose members settled in Courland and later in Lithuania and Poland.
The earliest mention of the family dates back to the 11th century, they trace their roots to a ministerialis who lived in 1055 at the Werden Abbey. Their last name comes the Landsberg Castle in the Duchy of Berg, which was still in the hands of the German representatives of the family in the 20th century. Two members of the family, Wilhelm von Landsberg and Johann von Landsberg, arrived in Courland in the 16th century, where they received the fief estate of Wiexeln . Wilhelm's male descendants lived in Courland until 1820. [1]
Johann von Landsberg's descendant, Eduard Eberhard (Ewarni) Landsberg (1625-1652) settled in Lithuania where he acquired the estates in the Vilnius voivodeship. Johann had one son Georg, who in turn had two sons Rafał (born 1715) and Bogusław (born 1717), both of whom left numerous offspring. The family sprawled out and did not play a major role in local politics, nor was it characterized by great wealth, holding several, often divided estates in Lithuania and Samogitia: Albertava , Linkuva, Triškoniai , Vengriškis , Juodeikiai and others. Only Tomasz, great-grandson of Rafał Landsberg, who married Marcjanella Kierbedź, came to greater prominence. His son Stanisław married Salomea Szemiot, through which he came into possession of the large estate of Šiaulėnai. The second of Tomasz's sons Wacław owned Klėriškės married Malwina Römer, through which he came into possession of Triliškės . Only then did the Landsbergs become a substantial landowning family. Wacław's son was Emil Landsberg , a railroad engineer. [2]
Another prominent representative of the family was Gabrielius Landsbergis-Žemkalnis, an activist in the Lithuanian National Revival. He came from the impoverished part of the family; his father was Wincenty Ananiasz, son of Kazimierz Ignacy and grandson of mentioned earlier Rafał Landsberg. The descendants of Gabrielius and his brother Kazimierz were prominent figures in the Lithuanian state. Gabrielius' grandson Vytautas Landsbergis was the founder in 1988 of the Lithuanian independence movement Sąjūdis. [3]
Courland is one of the Historical Latvian Lands in western Latvia. Courland's largest city is Liepāja, which is the third largest city in Latvia. The regions of Semigallia and Selonia are sometimes considered as part of Courland as they were formerly held by the same duke.
The Livonian Order was an autonomous branch of the Teutonic Order, formed in 1237. From 1435 to 1561 it was a member of the Livonian Confederation.
Vytautas Landsbergis is a Lithuanian politician and former Member of the European Parliament. He was the first Speaker of Reconstituent Seimas of Lithuania after its independence declaration from the Soviet Union. He has written 20 books on a variety of topics, including a biography of Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis, as well as works on politics and music. He is a founding signatory of the Prague Declaration, and a member of the international advisory council of the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation.
The Duchy of Courland and Semigallia was a duchy in the Baltic region, then known as Livonia, that existed from 1561 to 1569 as a nominally vassal state of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and subsequently made part of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom from 1569 to 1726 and incorporated into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1726. On March 28, 1795, it was annexed by the Russian Empire in the Third Partition of Poland.
The House of Radziwiłł is a powerful magnate family originating from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later also prominent in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland.
The House of Auersperg is an Austrian princely family, which once held estates in the Holy Roman Empire. The princely family of Auersperg originated as a junior branch of the comital line of Auersperg from Carniola, one of the hereditary Habsburg duchies in what is now Slovenia. The Auerspergs were raised to princely status in 1653, and they became "immediate" princes of the Holy Roman Empire in 1664. The princes of Auersperg also held at various times the duchies of Münsterberg and Gottschee. Their territories were mediatised by Austria and Baden in 1806, and the family is counted as high nobility.
The House of Leszczyński was a prominent Polish noble family. They were magnates in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and later became royal family of Poland.
Baltic German nobility was a privileged social class in the territories of today's Estonia and Latvia. It existed continuously since the Northern Crusades and the medieval foundation of Terra Mariana. Most of the nobility were Baltic Germans, but with the changing political landscape over the centuries, Polish, Swedish and Russian families also became part of the nobility, just as Baltic German families re-settled in locations such as the Swedish and Russian Empires. The nobility of Lithuania is for historical, social and ethnic reasons separated from the German-dominated nobility of Estonia and Latvia.
Schaffgotsch family is the name of an old and influential Silesian nobility which dates back to the thirteenth century. Some of its members played important roles in the public life of Bohemia, then Habsburg monarchy and later Prussia.
Alsunga Castle is a castle in Alsunga village, in Alsunga Parish, Kuldīga Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. It was built for the Livonian Order during the first half of the 14th century.
Aizupe Manor is a manor house built in late classicism style in Vāne Parish, Tukums Municipality, in the Courland region of Latvia. Construction of the manor was completed in 1823. The building housed a forestry school from 1939 to 1985.
The House of Ketteler is the name of an old and distinguished Baltic German noble family that originated in Westphalia.
Ilzenberg Manor is a former residential manor in Rokiškis district, near border with Latvia. It is between Ilgio and Apvalaso lakes.
Renavas manor is a former residential manor in Renavas village, Lithuania on the bank of Varduva river. Currently it is a museum. In the manor's park grows the thickest fir in Lithuania. The manor is valued for its original interior. Renavas Manor is one of the main tourist attractions in Mažeikiai District Municipality.
The Koskullfamily, also written as Koschkull, is a wealthy aristocratic family of Livonian and German origin, famous for their extensive lands and manors. The family are descendants of the first King of Livonia and officially established as Koskele in 1302 in Livonia. The family spread to Estonia, Courland and Poland throughout the 15th century, Sweden and Finland in the 17th century, and Prussia and Russia in the 18th century. Several branches of the family still exist today, and is believed to be related to the von der Pahlen family.
The Frydag family, also spelled Vrydach, Freytag, Freydag and various other slightly different spellings, is a German noble family known since the beginning of the 14th century that originated in Uradel in Westphalia.
Vytautas Landsbergis-Žemkalnis was a Lithuanian architect most active in interwar Lithuania (1926–1939). He was the father of Vytautas Landsbergis, the first Lithuanian head of state after independence from the Soviet Union.
Gabrielius Landsbergis-Žemkalnis was a Lithuanian playwright and activists of the early Lithuanian amateur theater.
The House of Lüttichau is an old German and Danish noble family that originated from Meissen, Saxony and belongs to the High Nobility. The family has several separate noble branches, primarily from Saxony, Denmark, Austria and Braunschweig. The Lüttichau family are amongst the largest landowners in Denmark today. Males of the family carry the title Baron or Imperial Count.
Birutė is a two-act opera composed by Mikas Petrauskas based on the play by Gabrielius Landsbergis-Žemkalnis. It was first performed on 6 November 1906 in Vilnius and became the first Lithuanian national opera. The plot is based on the medieval legend about the love between Birutė and Grand Duke of Lithuania Kęstutis recorded in the Lithuanian Chronicles. The opera was written for the amateur Lithuanian performers and thus is mostly valued for its historical significance.
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