Landulf VIII[1] was the last Lombardprince of Capua from 1057, when his brother Pandulf VI died, to the conquest of the city in 1058 by Count Richard of Aversa. Landulf was first associated with the rule along with his brother in 1047, when their father, the infamous Pandulf IV, was reinstated as prince for the second time. According to the Catalogus Principum Capuæ, he reigned for twelve years, which would correspond to his rule jointly with his brother from their father's death in 1050 until his final expulsion from Capua.
The Lombards or Longobards were a Germanic people who ruled most of the Italian Peninsula from 568 to 774.
Pandulf VI was the successor of Pandulf IV as Prince of Capua from his death in 1050 to his own seven years later. He was the son of Pandulf IV and Maria. He co-ruled with his father in the Duchy of Gaeta as early as 1032–1038.
Richard Drengot was the count of Aversa (1049–1078), prince of Capua and duke of Gaeta (1064–1078).
According to the Annali di Napoli, the city of Capua itself was not fully captured by Richard until 21 May 1062. Landulf was probably forced to surrender the keys to the city to Richard and his son Jordan in 1058, but allowed to continue ruling until 1062. Landulf's sons did not fare well. They were seen by Pope Victor III wandering the countryside of the Mezzogiorno as beggars.
Capua is a city and comune in the province of Caserta, in the region of Campania, southern Italy, situated 25 km (16 mi) north of Naples, on the northeastern edge of the Campanian plain.
Jordan I, count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, "equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father."
Pope Victor III, born Dauferio, was Pope from 24 May 1086 to his death in 1087. He was the successor of Pope Gregory VII, yet his pontificate is far less impressive in history than his time as Desiderius, the great Abbot of Montecassino.
Notes
↑ He is also numbered Landulf V or VI because the first two Landulfs of Capua, who were not princes, are sometimes ignored in the numbering, as well as another Landulf, who was only a co-ruler.
John Julius Cooper, 2nd Viscount Norwich,, known as John Julius Norwich, was an English popular historian, travel writer and television personality.
London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south-east of England, at the head of its 50-mile (80 km) estuary leading to the North Sea, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. Londinium was founded by the Romans. The City of London, London's ancient core − an area of just 1.12 square miles (2.9 km2) and colloquially known as the Square Mile − retains boundaries that follow closely its medieval limits. The City of Westminster is also an Inner London borough holding city status. Greater London is governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
Ferdinand Gregorovius was a German historian who specialized in the medieval history of Rome.
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