Laser gingivectomy

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Laser gingivectomy is a dental procedure that recontours or scalpels the gingival tissue to improve long term dental health or aesthetics. [1] Compared to conventional scalpel surgery, soft-tissue dental lasers, such as laser diode, [2] Nd:YAG laser, [3] Er:YAG laser, [4] Er,Cr:YSGG laser, [5] and CO2 lasers, [6] [7] can perform this procedure, offering a precise, stable, bloodless, often less painful, and accelerated healing experience. [8] [9] [10] However, the laser diode gained more popularity due to its versatility, less interaction with hard tissue, ease of use, and the less expensive set up. [11]

Medical uses

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Angularis nigra, Latin for 'black angle', also known as open gingival embrasures, and colloquially known as "black triangle", is the space or gap seen at the cervical embrasure, below the contact point of some teeth. The interdental papilla does not fully enclose the space, leading to an aperture between adjacent teeth. This gap has many causes including gingival recession, and gingival withdrawal post-orthodontic work. Interdental "black triangles" were rated as the third-most-disliked aesthetic problem below caries and crown margins. Treatment of angularis nigra often requires an interdisciplinary approach, involving periodontal, orthodontic and restorative treatment. Possible treatments to correct angularis nigra include addition of composite resin in the space, veneer placement, or gum graft. Angularis nigra is generally only treated based on the aesthetic preference of the patient.

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF), also known as idiopathic gingival hyperplasia, is a rare condition of gingival overgrowth. HGF is characterized as a benign, slowly progressive, nonhemorrhagic, fibrous enlargement of keratinized gingiva. It can cover teeth in various degrees, and can lead to aesthetic disfigurement. Fibrous enlargement is most common in areas of maxillary and mandibular tissues of both arches in the mouth. Phenotype and genotype frequency of HGF is 1:175,000 where males and females are equally affected but the cause is not entirely known. It mainly exists as an isolated abnormality but can also be associated with a multi-system syndrome.

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References

  1. ↑ Hempton, TJ, Dominici, JT (2010). "Contemporary crown-lengthening therapy: a review". J Am Dent Assoc. 141 (6): 647–55. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.2010.0252 . PMID   20516094.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ↑ Borzabadi-Farahani, A. (2022). "A Scoping Review of the Efficacy of Diode Lasers Used for Minimally Invasive Exposure of Impacted Teeth or Teeth with Delayed Eruption". Photonics. 9 (4): 265. doi: 10.3390/photonics9040265 .
  3. ↑ Kilinc E, Rothrock J, Migliorati E, Drukteinis S, Roshkind DM, Bradley P (2012). "Potential surface alteration effects of laser-assisted periodontal surgery on existing dental restorations". Quintessence Int. 43 (5): 387–395. PMID   22536590.
  4. ↑ Arnabat-Domínguez J, España-Tost AJ, Berini-Aytés L, Gay-Escoda C (2003). "Erbium:YAG laser application in the second phase of implant surgery: a pilot study in 20 patients". Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 18 (1): 104–112. PMID   12608675.
  5. ↑ Jetter C. (2008). "Soft-tissue management using an Er,Cr:YSGG laser during restorative procedures". Compend Contin Educ Dent. 29 (1): 46–49. PMID   18361340.
  6. ↑ Pick, Robert M.; Pecaro, Bernard C.; Silberman, Charles J. (1985-08-01). "The Laser Gingivectomy: The Use of the CO2 Laser for the Removal of Phenytoin Hyperplasia". Journal of Periodontology. 56 (8): 492–496. doi:10.1902/jop.1985.56.8.492. ISSN   0022-3492. PMID   3938990.
  7. ↑ Gama, Sabrina Kívia Correia; Habib, Fernando Antônio Lima; Pinheiro, Antônio Luiz Barbosa; Araújo, Telma Martins de (April 2012). "Effectiveness of CO2 laser in removal of papillary gingival hyperplasia". Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics. 17 (2): 33.e1–33.e6. doi: 10.1590/S2176-94512012000200006 . ISSN   2176-9451.
  8. ↑ Aoki A, Mizutani K, Schwarz F, Sculean A, Yukna RA, Takasaki AA, Romanos GE, Taniguchi Y, Sasaki KM, Zeredo JL, Koshy G, Coluzzi DJ, White JM, Abiko Y, Ishikawa I, Izumi Y (2015). "Periodontal and peri-implant wound healing following laser therapy". Periodontol 2000. 68 (1): 217–269. doi:10.1111/prd.12080. PMID   25867988.
  9. ↑ "Combined treatment approach of gingivectomy and CO2 laser for cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth". www.quintpub.com. Retrieved 2017-09-07.
  10. ↑ Convissar, Robert A. (2015-03-06). Principles and Practice of Laser Dentistry - E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN   9780323297639.
  11. 1 2 3 Borzabadi-Farahani, A. (2017). "The Adjunctive Soft-Tissue Diode Laser in Orthodontics". Compend Contin Educ Dent. 38 (eBook 5): e18–e31. PMID   28509563.
  12. ↑ Coletta, RD, Graner, E. (2007). "Hereditary gingival fibromatosis: A systematic review". J. Periodontol. 77 (5): 753–64. doi:10.1902/jop.2006.050379. PMID   16671866.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ↑ Borzabadi-Farahani, A; Cronshaw, M (2017). "Lasers in Orthodontics". In Coluzzi, D; Parker, S (eds.). Lasers in Dentistry—Current Concepts. Textbooks in Contemporary Dentistry. Springer, Cham. pp. 247–271. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-51944-9_12. ISBN   978-3-319-51943-2.
  14. ↑ Borzabadi-Farahani, A (2024). "Laser Use in Muco-Gingival Surgical Orthodontics". In Coluzzi, D.J.; Parker, S.P.A. (eds.). Lasers in Dentistry—Current Concepts. Textbooks in Contemporary Dentistry (2nd ed.). Springer, Cham. pp. 379–398. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-43338-2. ISBN   978-3-031-43338-2.
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