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The Negro leagues were United States professional baseball leagues comprising teams of African Americans. The term may be used broadly to include professional black teams outside the leagues and it may be used narrowly for the seven relatively successful leagues beginning in 1920 that are sometimes termed "Negro Major Leagues".
Joseph Williams,nicknamed "Cyclone Joe" and "Smokey Joe",was an American right-handed pitcher in Negro league baseball. He is considered one of the greatest pitchers of all-time and was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1999.
William Hendrick Foster was an American left-handed pitcher in baseball's Negro leagues in the 1920s and 1930s. He was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1996. Foster was the much-younger half-brother of Rube Foster,a Negro league player,pioneer,and fellow Hall of Famer.
The Negro American League was one of the several Negro leagues created during the time organized American baseball was segregated. The league was established in 1937,and disbanded after its 1962 season.
The Negro World Series was a post-season baseball tournament that was held from 1924 to 1927 and from 1942 to 1948 between the champions of the Negro leagues,matching the mid-western winners against their east-coast counterparts. The series was also known as the Colored World Series,especially during the 1920s,and as the Negro League World Series,in more recent books,though contemporary black newspapers usually called it simply,the "World Series",without any modification. A total of eleven Series were contested in its prime,which ultimately saw nine teams compete for a championship and seven who won at least one. The Homestead Grays were the winningest and most present team in the tournament,winning three times in five appearances,while Dave Malarcher and Candy Jim Taylor won the most titles as manager with two each.
The Homestead Grays were a professional baseball team that played in the Negro leagues in the United States.
The Kansas City Monarchs were the longest-running franchise in the history of baseball's Negro leagues. Operating in Kansas City,Missouri,and owned by J. L. Wilkinson,they were charter members of the Negro National League from 1920 to 1930. Wilkinson was the first white owner at the time of the establishment of the team. In 1930,the Monarchs became the first professional baseball team to use a portable lighting system which was transported from game to game in trucks to play games at night,five years before any Major League Baseball team did. The Monarchs won ten league championships before integration,and triumphed in the first Negro World Series in 1924. The Monarchs had only one season in which they did not have a winning record and produced more major league players than any other Negro league franchise. It was disbanded in 1965.
Charles Wilber Rogan,also known as "Bullet Joe",was an American pitcher,outfielder,and manager for the Kansas City Monarchs in the Negro baseball leagues from 1920 to 1938. Renowned as a two-way player who could both hit and pitch successfully,one statistical compilation shows Rogan winning more games than any other pitcher in Negro leagues history and ranking fourth highest in career batting average. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1998.
Hilton Lee Smith was an American right-handed pitcher in Negro league baseball. He pitched alongside Satchel Paige for the Kansas City Monarchs and Bismarck Churchills between 1932 and 1948. He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2001.
Kansas City Municipal Stadium was an American baseball and football stadium in the central United States,located in Kansas City,Missouri. It was located at the corner of Brooklyn Avenue and E. 22nd Street.
John Jordan "Buck" O'Neil Jr. was an American first baseman and manager in the Negro American League,mostly with the Kansas City Monarchs. After his playing days,he worked as a scout and became the first African American coach in Major League Baseball. In his later years he became a popular and renowned speaker and interview subject,helping to renew widespread interest in the Negro leagues,and played a major role in establishing the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum in Kansas City,Missouri. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2022 as an executive.
The Atlanta Black Crackers were a professional Negro league baseball team which played during the early to mid-20th century. They were primarily a minor Negro league team;however in the brief period they played as a major Negro league team,they won the second half pennant of the Negro American League in 1938 but lost the play-off for the overall season title.
The East–West All-Star Game was an annual all-star game for Negro league baseball players. The game was the brainchild of Gus Greenlee,owner of the Pittsburgh Crawfords. In 1933 he decided to emulate the Major League Baseball All-Star Game,using Negro league players. Newspaper balloting was set up to allow the fans to choose the starting lineups for that first game,a tradition that continued through the series' end in 1962. Unlike the MLB All-Star game which is played near the middle of the season,the Negro All-Star game was held toward the end of the season.
Walter "Dobie" Moore was an American shortstop and right-handed batter in the Negro leagues who played his entire career with the Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro National League. His career ended after only seven seasons when he shattered his already injured leg while escaping a woman who had shot him.
The Philadelphia Stars were a Negro league baseball team from Philadelphia. The Stars were founded in 1933 when Ed Bolden returned to professional black baseball after being idle since early 1930. The Stars were an independent ball club in 1933,a member of the Negro National League from 1934 until the League's collapse following the 1948 season,and affiliated with the Negro American League from 1949 to 1952.
The Indianapolis Clowns were a professional baseball team in the Negro American League. Tracing their origins back to the 1930s,the Clowns were the last of the Negro league teams to disband,continuing to play exhibition games into the 1980s. They began play as the independent Ethiopian Clowns,joined the Negro American League as the Cincinnati Clowns and,after a couple of years,relocated to Indianapolis. Hank Aaron was a Clown for a short period,and the Clowns were also one of the first professional baseball teams to hire a female player.
The Negro Southern League (NSL) was one of the several Negro baseball leagues created during the time organized baseball was segregated. The NSL was organized as a minor league in 1920 and lasted until 1936. It was considered a major league for the 1932 season and it was also the only organized league to finish its full schedule that season. Prior to the season,several established teams joined the NSL,mainly from the collapsed Negro National League.
Paul Eugene "Country Jake" Stephens was an American baseball player known for his slight stature,speed,and defense at the shortstop position. He played in the Negro leagues for 4 teams (1921–1937).
Lemuel Hawkins was an American first baseman in Negro league baseball. He played for the Kansas City Monarchs,Chicago Giants and Chicago American Giants from 1921 to 1928. He was 5'10" and weighed 185 pounds.
Jesse Horace Williams,nicknamed "Bill",was an American Negro league shortstop for the Kansas City Monarchs and Indianapolis Clowns between 1939 and 1950.
References
- ↑ "Baseball legends honored at Atlanta City Hall". Atlanta Daily World. September 17, 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
