Layer-1 blockchain

Last updated February 20, 2025

Layer-1 blockchain refers to the base protocol of a blockchain network that operates independently and can process and finalize cryptocurrency transactions without relying on another blockchain.

Bitcoin was the first Layer-1 blockchain, followed by Ethereum, which further enhanced the decentralized system through Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and smart contracts. Other blockchains, such as Solana, also emerged to support decentralized interactions through decentralized applications (dApps).^[1]

Layer-1 blockchains differ from Layer-2 solutions, which are secondary protocols built on top of Layer-1 networks to enhance scalability and transaction speeds.^[2]

References

↑ Song, Han; Qu, Zhongche; Wei, Yihao (2024-06-19), Advancing Blockchain Scalability: An Introduction to Layer 1 and Layer 2 Solutions, arXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2406.13855, arXiv:2406.13855, retrieved 2025-02-15
↑ "Layer 1 vs. Layer 2: The Difference Between Blockchain Scaling Solutions". Investopedia . Retrieved 2025-02-10.

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[1] Song, Han; Qu, Zhongche; Wei, Yihao (2024-06-19), Advancing Blockchain Scalability: An Introduction to Layer 1 and Layer 2 Solutions, arXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2406.13855, arXiv:2406.13855, retrieved 2025-02-15

[2] "Layer 1 vs. Layer 2: The Difference Between Blockchain Scaling Solutions". Investopedia . Retrieved 2025-02-10.

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