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Hawaiian Pidgin is an English-based creole language spoken in Hawaiʻi. An estimated 600,000 residents of Hawaiʻi speak Hawaiian Pidgin natively and 400,000 speak it as a second language. Although English and Hawaiian are the two official languages of the state of Hawaiʻi, Hawaiian Pidgin is spoken by many Hawaiian residents in everyday conversation and is often used in advertising targeted toward locals in Hawaiʻi. In the Hawaiian language, it is called ʻōlelo paʻi ʻai – "pounding-taro language". Hawaiian Pidgin was first recognized as a language by the U.S. Census Bureau in 2015. However, Hawaiian Pidgin is still thought of as lower status than the Hawaiian and English languages.
Hawaiian literature has its origins in Polynesian mythology. It was originally preserved and expanded solely through oral traditions, as the ancient Hawaiians never developed a writing system. Written literature in the Hawaiian language and literary works in other languages by authors resident in Hawaii did not appear until the nineteenth century, when the arrival of American missionaries introduced the English language, the Latin alphabet, and Western notions of composition to the kingdom.
The shaka sign, sometimes known as "hang loose" or "right on", is a gesture with friendly intent often associated with Hawaii and surf culture. It consists of extending the thumb and smallest finger while holding the three middle fingers curled, and gesturing in salutation while presenting the front or back of the hand; the wrist may be rotated back and forth for emphasis. The shaka sign should not be confused with the sign of the horns, where the index and pinky finger is extended and the thumb holds down the middle two fingers.
Pidgin to Da Max is a humorous illustrated dictionary of Hawaiian Pidgin words and phrases, published in December 1981, by Douglas Simonson, Pat Sasaki, and Ken Sakata. With the definitions of most of the words and phrases also given in Pidgin, the book is not clearly intended to be used as a Pidgin-English dictionary, although a reader unfamiliar with the dialect would likely understand most of the entries from context and the illustrations. Rather, the book is intended to be a humorous introspective for Hawaii residents about the language many of them speak on a day-to-day basis. As such, it is a relatively popular book in Hawaii, and sold 25,000 copies in its first month in print.
Da kine is an expression in Hawaiian Pidgin, probably derived from "that kind", that usually functions grammatically as a placeholder name. It can also take the role of a verb, adjective, or adverb. Unlike other placeholder names in English, however, which usually refer specifically to a device, person ("so-and-so"), or place, "da kine" is general in usage and could refer to anything from a person to an abstract concept. It can be used to refer to something nonspecific, or given enough context to something very specific. As such, it appears to be unique among English dialects, at least in its centrality to everyday speech.
Don Lee is an American novelist, fiction writer, literary journal editor, and creative writing professor.
Bamboo Ridge is a Hawaii-based literary journal and nonprofit press. It was founded in 1978 by Eric Chock and Darrell H.Y. Lum to publish works by and for the people of Hawaii. In the United States, Bamboo Ridge is one of the longest-running small presses, and is one of the oldest in Hawaii. It was named after a popular fishing spot on Oahu. It currently publishes two volumes a year: a literary journal of poetry and fiction featuring work by both emerging and established writers and a book by a single author or an anthology focused on a special theme. Both the journal and book are available singly or by subscription.
Pam Chun is a writer and marketing consultant, most notable as the author of the book The Money Dragon.
Isami Doi was an American printmaker and painter.
Lisa Matsumoto was a playwright and children's author in Hawaii. Her use of Hawaiian Pidgin in her works propelled her to her status as one of the state's most popular resident playwrights.
Fred H. Roster was an American sculptor known for his mixed media narrative sculptures.
Nora Okja Keller is a Korean American author. Her 1997 breakthrough work of fiction, Comfort Woman, and her second book (2002), Fox Girl, focus on multigenerational trauma resulting from Korean women's experiences as sex slaves, euphemistically called comfort women, for Japanese and American troops during World War II and the ongoing Korean War.
Rodney Morales is an American fiction writer, editor, literary scholar, musician, and Professor in the Creative Writing Program of the Department of English at the University of Hawaii. In both his creative and critical writing, he is concerned with contemporary multi-ethnic Hawaii society, particularly social relations between its residents of Native Hawaiian, Japanese, Caucasian, and Puerto Rican descent; the 1970s "Hawaiian Renaissance" movement and the disappearance of its legendary cultural icon George Helm of Protect Kaho'olawe Ohana (PKO); and the postmodern juxtaposition of popular artistic forms with high literature. Shaped by genre fiction of the postwar period, his regional stories influenced that of Generation X/millennial authors such as Chris McKinney and Alexei Melnick, "urban Honolulu" novelists known for their gritty, realistic approaches to depicting crime, drugs, and lower-class life in the islands.
Gary Pak is a writer, editor and professor of English at University of Hawaii. Pak has been noted as one of the most important Asian Hawaiian writers.
Joseph Stanton is a Professor of Art History and American Studies at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa and a widely published poet.
Eric Chock is a Hawaiian poet, scholar and editor. He served as a professor of English and humanities at the University of Hawaii-West Oahu, and coordinated the state's "Poets in the Schools" program for more than twenty years.
Juliet Kono is a Hawaiʻian poet and novelist.
Esther Takakura Mookini is an American linguist responsible for several widely used Hawaiian-language dictionaries.
Lisa Linn Kanae is an English professor at Kapiʻolani Community College and is best known for her poetry and short stories written in Pidgin.
Darrell H.Y. Lum is a fiction writer, playwright, teacher, and editor from Hawaiʻi, who co-founded Bamboo Ridge Press with Eric Chock.
References
- ↑ Ryan Senaga (November 13, 2002). "Da Pidgin Guerrilla: Does the fate of Hawaiian Creole English lie in the hands of Lee Tonouchi?". Honolulu Weekly . Archived from the original on May 16, 2011. Retrieved December 3, 2010.
- ↑ "Heavy Lifting: The experimental journal Bamboo Ridge has survived 25 years, but its founders have realized promoting local literature is a Herculean task". Honolulu Star-Bulletin . March 6, 2003. Retrieved December 3, 2010.
- ↑ "Lee Tonouchi is Living Pidgin: Instructor preserves Pidgin through teaching and various works including a play". The Kapio Newspress. February 13, 2007. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved December 3, 2010.
- ↑ "Local Writer Teaches Pidgin Literature Class at HPU". Hawaii Pacific University. Summer 2005. Retrieved December 3, 2010.
- ↑ "Texts and Culture courses". Hawaii Pacific University . Retrieved December 3, 2010.
- ↑ John Berger (May 19, 2004). "Brothers' rivalry runs as deep as the ocean". Honolulu Star-Bulletin . Retrieved December 3, 2010.
- ↑ Catherine E. Toth (July 13, 2001). "Hybolics 2 helps get 'da word' out". Honolulu Advertiser . Retrieved December 3, 2010.
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