Legacy of Light is a play by Karen Zacarias that explores the similarities and differences between the lives of women scientists in the 1700s and the present day. Karen Zacarias is a playwright-in-residence for the Arena Stage in Washington D.C., [1] where her contemporary comedy premiered on May 8, 2009. [2] Legacy of Light shows two different worlds and the themes that connect them, including the properties of love and light, motherhood, and career vs family. Along with connecting two different time periods, Karen has connect two different types of characters. The play features an ensemble of six characters that include two historical figures: Emilie du Châtelet and Voltaire.
The play begins France during the 1700s, minutes after Saint-Lambert and Emilie have had relations. Voltaire enters and engages in a sword fight with Saint-Lambert. After Saint-Lambert exits, Voltaire shares his feelings for Emilie and his disdain for Emilie’s relations with Lambert. The next scene is set in modern-day New Jersey, as Olivia has—potentially—discovered a new planet. Olivia reveals to her husband Peter that she wants to try having a baby again. An expository aside to the audience identifies the historical characters of Voltaire and Emilie. Millie meets with Peter and Olivia about Millie's being a surrogate mother. Olivia reveals that she has survived late stage ovarian cancer, which is why she can’t get pregnant. Millie tells the couple that she wants to do something that matters in life, and believes that making Olivia a mother will do just that; the money she will be paid will help her go to fashion design school in Paris. The scene shifts back to the 1700s, as Emile tells Saint-Lambert that she is expecting his child; however, he cannot stay with her because he must go write for the king. Pauline and Voltaire enter and talk about Voltaire’s new play. Back in New York, Olivia talks to the Board of Directors and patrons of her institute about the planet she may have discovered. Millie has told her brother Lewis that she is going to be a surrogate mother for Peter and Olivia. Millie shares the real reason she is going through the surrogacy, which is to save her family home from being foreclosed. Lewis is not at all happy about Millie’s decision. Voltaire discovers that Emilie is pregnant and is angered by the situation Emilie has gotten into, while Emilie is afraid of dying before she has achieved all that she can. Millie has a sonogram, which Olivia missed because of her work; the couple decides that they will wait to find out the baby's gender. Voltaire talks about Isaac Newton and his story about the apple that explains gravity. Monsieur du Chatelet returns home with a gift for Pauline, which turns out to be fabric for Pauline to make her wedding dress. Emilie has gone back on her promise to Pauline, for Pauline to study in Paris, and now she must wed instead. Emilie shares her discovery about the properties of light and wonders if light and love have similar properties. [3]
Act two begins as Olivia gives a presentation to a girl scout troop. She is about to get caught up in her work and miss another doctor’s appointment, so she cuts her presentation short and leaves early to make the appointment. Millie is now seven months pregnant. Millie and Lewis discuss plans for the future of their family home: Lewis wants to keep it, while Millie thinks the house is a burden on her and her brother. Emilie has written a paper that is contradictory to Newton’s ideas, and tells Voltaire just how important her work is to her. They talk about what will happen if Emilie dies during childbirth. Emilie shares her new discovery, in which forces cancel each other out in a collision. Millie is now cleaning everything that she can in her house; Olivia enters and the two share a moment when the baby kicks. Peter and Lewis soon enter. Lewis punches Peter in the face, while expressing his disdain for his sister's surrogacy; in his anger he reveals that Millie was doing this to save the house and that she wasn’t really going to school. Olivia has a break down and runs out of the room. Emilie gives birth to her baby, which is very small. Pauline enters and she is wearing her wedding dress. Emilie tells Pauline that she will no longer have to wed. The ensemble exits except for Voltaire who gives a soliloquy about the future of the characters: Emilie’s death, the baby’s death, Pauline’s marriage, and his own future. The two worlds merge, as Olivia is hiding in a tree when she and Voltaire discuss science and scientific theories. Voltaire offers Olivia some advice: she may be more of the father figure then the mother. Millie storms on stage searching for Olivia, and reveals that the child is a girl. Millie’s water breaks, so Olivia and Millie exit while Voltaire is left in the tree. Peter enters, searching for Olivia. He is struck by lightning and dies. In his death, he talks to Emilie, who saves him. Peter exits and Saint-Lambert enters. Marquis du Chatelet enters and informs Saint-Lambert of the grave news of Emilie's death, then punches Saint-Lambert in the face. Emilie re-enters and is soon followed by Lewis, who asks if they speak French. Emilie finds out the Lewis and Millie are distant relatives. Millie has had the baby, whom they decide to name Pauline. Lewis enters, gives Millie flowers and a letter she received in the mail. Emilie enters the hospital room and convinces Millie to open the letter. The letter is an acceptance to the fashion design school in Paris. [3]
EMILIE du CHÂTELET : Beautiful intelligent woman, a scientist. Age 42
VOLTAIRE : Emilie’s lover; Playwright and scientist-wannabe. Age 54
SAINT-LAMBERT: Emilie’s handsome younger lover.
LEWIS: Millie's older brother.
OLIVIA: Modern professional woman. A scientist. Age 42.
WET NURSE: Wet Nurse to Emilie's baby.
MILLIE: Modern 21-year-old woman of Italian descent.
PAULINE: Daughter of Emilie and Monsieur du Châtelet
PETER: Olivia’s husband. Age 44.
MONSIEUR DU CHÂTELET: Emile's husband. [3]
The roles of Saint-Lambert and Lewis, Olivia and Wet Nurse, and Peter and Monsieur du Châtelet are traditionally played by the same actors. The script is written in a way that these characters are never on stage at the same time, so that one actor can play two parts.
Legacy of Light had its world premiere at the Arena Stage in WAShington D.C. It opened on May 8, 2009 and showed through June 14, 2009.
Emilie du Chatelet | Lise Bruneau |
Olivia/Wet Nurse | Carla Harting |
Voltaire | Stephen Schnetzer |
Peter/Marquis du Chatelet | Michael Russotto |
St. Lambert/Lewis | David Covington |
Pauline/Millie | Lindsey Kyler |
Director | Molly Smith |
Set Design | Marjorie Bradley Kellogg |
Costume Design | Linda Cho |
Lighting Design | Michael Gilliam |
Souza Design/Composer | Andre J. Pluess |
Dramaturg | Jocelyn Clarke |
Stage Manager | Susan R. White |
Legacy of Light had its premiere on the west coast at the San Jose Repertory theater on March 24, 2011. It ran through April 17, 2011. [5]
Emilie di Chatelet | Rachel Harker |
Olivia/Wet Nurse | Carrie Paff |
Voltaire | Robert Yacko |
Peter/Marquis du Chatelet | Mike Ryan |
St. Lambert/Lewis | Miles Gaston Villanueva |
Pauline/Millie | Kathryn Tkel |
Director | Kristen Brandt |
Set Design | William Bloodgood |
Costume Design | Brandin Baron |
Sound Design/Composer | Jeff Mockus |
Fight Director | Dave Maier |
Legacy of Light was the winner of the Steinberg Citation in 2010. The Steinberg award is given out annually for the best new scripts that were produced and premiered at a professional level outside of New York. The award includes a commemorative plaque and 25,000 dollars. Karen Zacarias won the citation, which included 7,500 dollars and a commemorative plaque. [6]
Jean François de Saint-Lambert was a French poet, philosopher and military officer.
Elisabeth Félix, better known only as Mademoiselle Rachel, was a French actress. She became a prominent figure in French society, and was the mistress of, among others, Napoleon III, Prince Napoléon, and Alexandre Colonna-Walewski, the illegitimate son of Napoleon I. Efforts by newspapers to publish pictures of her on her deathbed led to the introduction of privacy rights into French law.
Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Marquise du Châtelet was a French natural philosopher and mathematician during the early 1730s until her death due to complications during childbirth in 1749. Her most recognized achievement is her translation of and commentary on Isaac Newton's 1687 book Principia containing basic laws of physics. The translation, published posthumously in 1756, is still considered the standard French translation today. Her commentary includes a profound contribution to Newtonian mechanics—the postulate of an additional conservation law for total energy, of which kinetic energy of motion is one element. This led to her conceptualization of energy as such, and to derive its quantitative relationships to the mass and velocity of an object.
Elisabeth Françoise Sophie Lalive de Bellegarde, Comtesse d'Houdetot was a French noblewoman. She is remembered primarily for the brief but intense love she inspired in Jean-Jacques Rousseau in 1757, but she was also for fifty years in a relationship with the poet and academician Jean François de Saint-Lambert.
Françoise de Graffigny, better known as Madame de Graffigny, was a French novelist, playwright and salon hostess.
Passionate Minds: The Great Enlightenment Love Affair is a 2006 book by author David Bodanis. Written in the form of a novel, the book deals with the life and love of Voltaire and his mistress, scientist Émilie du Châtelet. It also discusses the theories they propounded about life, theology and the nature of the universe. The story was written with the aid of historic letters of correspondence between Émilie and Voltaire, as well as between several other prominent figures of the Enlightenment.
Marie Françoise Catherine de Beauvau-Craon, marquise de Boufflers (1711–1786), commonly known as Madame de Boufflers, was a French noblewoman. She was the royal mistress of Stanislas Leszczyński and mother of the poet Stanislas de Boufflers.
Louis-Marie-Florent de Lomont d'Haraucourt, marquis later duc du Châtelet, was an aristocratic French Army general and diplomat of the Ancien Régime.
Jeanne Quinault was a French actress, playwright and salon hostess.
Émilie is an opera – specifically a 9-scene, 75-minute monodrama for soprano – by Finnish composer Kaija Saariaho to a libretto by Amin Maalouf. It was written in 2008. Based on the life and writings of Marquise Émilie du Châtelet (1706–1749), the work premiered at the Opéra de Lyon, France, on 1 March 2010, with Finnish soprano Karita Mattila, its dedicatee, in the title role. It recounts the achievements of this mathematician, physicist, and mistress of Voltaire: the first woman to establish an international scientific reputation, with pioneering work in the study of fire.
Lauren Gunderson is an American playwright, screenwriter, and short story author, born in Atlanta. She lives in San Francisco, where she teaches playwriting. Gunderson was recognized as America's most produced living playwright in 2017, and again in 2019–20.
Lily Fayol was a French singer.
Ruth Hagengruber is a German philosopher, currently professor and head of philosophy at the University of Paderborn. She specialises in the history of women philosophers as well as philosophy of economics and computer science and is a specialist on Émilie Du Châtelet. Hagengruber is the director of the Center for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists and founder of the research area EcoTechGender. She invented the Libori Summer School and is the creator of the Encyclopedia of Concise Concepts by Women Philosophers, for which she holds the position of editor in chief together with Mary Ellen Waithe.
Marianne Loir or Marie-Anne Loir was a French painter who specialized in portraits.
Karen Zacarías is a Latina playwright who was born in Mexico in 1969. She is known for her play Mariela in the Desert. It was the winner of the National Latino Playwriting Award and a finalist for other prizes. Mariela in the Desert was debuted at the Goodman Theatre in Chicago. Zacarías is the founder of the Young Playwrights' Theater located in Washington, D.C.
Samson was an opera by the French composer Jean-Philippe Rameau with a libretto by Voltaire. The work was never staged due to censorship, although Voltaire later printed his text. Rameau intended the opera on the theme of Samson and Delilah as the successor to his debut Hippolyte et Aricie, which premiered in October 1733. Like Hippolyte, Samson was a tragédie en musique in five acts and a prologue. Voltaire had become a great admirer of Rameau's music after seeing Hippolyte and suggested a collaboration with the composer in November 1733. The opera was complete by late summer 1734 and went into rehearsal. However, a work on a religious subject with a libretto by such a notorious critic of the Church was bound to run into controversy and Samson was banned. An attempt to revive the project in a new version in 1736 also failed. The score is lost, although Rameau recycled some of the music from Samson in his later operas.
Anne-Marie Fiquet du Boccage, née Le Page, was an 18th-century French writer, poet, and playwright.
La Femme qui a Raison, is a verse comedy in three acts written by Voltaire in 1749. The play was first performed in 1749 at a feast in honour of Stanisław Leszczyński in the castle of Lunéville and first published in 1759.
Sémiramis (1746) is a tragedy in five acts by Voltaire, first performed in 1748 and published in 1749.
The Chateau de Cirey is a chateau in Cirey-sur-Blaise, Haute-Marne, France. The chateau was the home of Voltaire and his lover Émilie du Châtelet from 1734 to 1749.