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The use of terms and images referring to Native Americans/First Nations as the name or mascot for a sports team is a topic of public controversy in the United States and in Canada, arising as part of the Native American/First Nations civil rights movements. Since the 1960s, there have been a number of protests and other actions by Native Americans and others targeting the more prominent use of such names and images by professional franchises such as the Cleveland Indians and the Washington Redskins. However, discourse surrounding mascot usage by elementary, middle, and high schools has been prominent, as these entities are subject to public legislation and community input.
The Chicago Blackhawks name and logo controversy refers to the controversy surrounding the name and logo of the Chicago Blackhawks, a National Hockey League (NHL) ice hockey team based in Chicago, Illinois. The use of terms and images referring to Native Americans/First Nations as the name or mascot for a sports team without permissions from or consultations with local Indigenous communitiesis a topic of public controversy in the United States and Canada. Since the 1960s, as part of the indigenous civil rights movements, there have been a number of protests and other actions by Native Americans and their supporters targeting the more prominent use of such names and images by professional franchises such as the Cleveland Indians of Major League Baseball (MLB) ; the Washington Football Team formerly known as the "Redskins" of the National Football League (NFL), the NFL's Kansas City Chiefs and MLB's Atlanta Braves, the latter two attracting criticism of "the tomahawk chop" often performed by their fans. Like other teams with tribal mascots, there are calls from Indigenous activists and organizations to change the Blackhawks' name and logo and eliminate tribal mascots and imagery throughout sports.
References
- ↑ Clemmons, Linda M. (May 1, 2019). Dakota in Exile: The Untold Stories of Captives in the Aftermath of the U.S.-Dakota War. University of Iowa Press. ISBN 9781609386344 – via Google Books.
- ↑ Sheldon, Addison Erwin; Sellers, James Lee; Olson, James C. (June 16, 2009). "Nebraska History". Nebraska State Historical Society – via Google Books.
- ↑ 'Kimmy Schmidt' Reality Check: Did First Redskins Coach Really Fake.., San Antonio Express-News April 18, 2016
- ↑ Barr, John (2 September 2014). "Was Redskins' first coach a fraud?". ESPN. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
- ↑ Addison Erwin Sheldon; James Lee Sellers; James C. Olson (2009). Nebraska History. Nebraska State Historical Society.
- ↑ Walker, Childs. "Heritage built on half-truth?". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
- 1 2 Shin, Annys (7 February 2013). "Redskins name change demanded at Smithsonian forum". Washington Post. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
- ↑ "This Is The Home Of My Spirit – University Place". Twin Cities PBS. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
- ↑ Vargas, Theresa; Shin, Annys (5 October 2013). "President Obama says, 'I'd think about changing' name of Washington Redskins". Washington Post. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
- ↑ Harjo, Suzan Shown. "The R-Word Is Even Worse Than You Think". POLITICO Magazine. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
- ↑ Brady, Erik. "Dan Snyder defends Redskins name, cites 'heritage'". USA TODAY. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
- ↑ "This Is The Home Of My Spirit | University Place" – via video.tpt.org.
- ↑ Binkovitz, Leah. "Discussion at the American Indian Museum: Time to Put Racist Mascots to Bed". Smithsonian.
- ↑ "Grace Hudson Museum Calendar of Events" (PDF). SunLetter. Vol. 27 no. 2. Grace Hudson Museum. Summer 2018. p. 4.
- ↑ "Racist Stereotypes in Sports to be Discussed at NMAI Thursday". IndianCountryToday.com.
- ↑ "Steve Goddard's History Wire". Steve Goddard's History Wire.
