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Mauritius, officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about 2,000 kilometres off the southeast coast of the African continent, east of Madagascar. It includes the main island, as well as Rodrigues, Agaléga and St. Brandon. The islands of Mauritius and Rodrigues, along with nearby Réunion, are part of the Mascarene Islands. The main island of Mauritius, where most of the population is concentrated, hosts the capital and largest city, Port Louis. The country spans 2,040 square kilometres (790 sq mi) and has an exclusive economic zone covering 2,300,000 square kilometres.
Transportation in Mauritius is characterized by the network of roadways, ports, and airports. The island was originally only accessible by boat until 1922, when the first flight landed in Mauritius.
Mauritius is a multi-ethnic and multi-language society; it is also a plural society with its population mainly composed of four ethnic groups and four major religious groups; it is often depicted as a "rainbow nation". The island of Mauritius did not have any indigenous population; historically, it was characterized by successive waves of European colonization and multiple immigrations. Under the French rule between 1715 and 1810, slaves were imported on the island from mainland Africa and Madagascar; slavery was only abolished in 1835 due to the British commitment to end slavery. Indian migrants from Pondicherry first started to arrive in Mauritius under the French rule in 1736; The 18th century also saw one the earliest influx of Chinese migrants into Mauritius, who mostly came from Fujian. Under British rule, more Indian migrants came to Mauritius following the emancipation of the slaves in 1835. From the 1800s, Chinese migrants from Southern China arrived in Mauritius, first as indentured labourers and later as free merchants. Since 1860, Hakka immigration started and continued until they became the dominant group of Chinese in Mauritius at the beginning of the 20th century. The co-existence of Mauritians of Indian, African, European, and Chinese ancestry eventually led to a sharing of values and cultures, a collective participation in festivals, and an increased understanding between people of different ethnic backgrounds. Mauritians from different cultural backgrounds are very distinct from each other, and it is also highly unpopular to encourage the dissolution of cultural boundaries in Mauritius. Presently, the Mauritian society continues to be culturally and linguistically French-dominated.
Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam was a Mauritian physician, politician, and statesman. He served as the island's only chief minister, first prime minister, and fifth governor-general.
Mauritians of Chinese origin, also known as Sino-Mauritians or Chinese Mauritians, are Mauritians who trace their ethnic ancestry to China.
Dev Virahsawmy, is a politician, playwright, poet and advocate of the Mauritian Creole language. Though he writes easily in both French and English, Virahsawmy is most renowned for his efforts to popularize the use of Creole.
Indo-Mauritians are Mauritians who trace their ethnic ancestry to Indian subcontinent or other parts of South Asia.
Trou-aux-Biches is a small town with a public beach on the northern coast of the island Mauritius in the district of Pamplemousses. According to the World Travel group, the beach is one of the most beautiful on the island. They awarded it the World's Leading Beach Destination at the World Travel Award for 2011. Many tourist resorts and boutique hotels are situated near the beach, such as the Trou aux Biches Resort & Spa. From Port Louis, the M2 highway heads towards it, with Trou-aux-Biches about a mile west from the end of M2. The airport and the town are connected by a public bus.
Abdool Raouf Bundhun who served as the third vice president of Mauritius from 2002 to 2007. He was elected by National Assembly of Mauritius on 25 February 2002 for a term of five years. Prior to assuming office he had been Mauritius' ambassador to France. He has also been the member of National Assembly of Mauritius for two terms; from 1967 to 1976 and 1995 to 2000. From 1969 to 1975 he had been the Minister for youth and sports and appointed parliamentary secretary by Seewoosagur Ramgoolam in 1969. In 1976 he became the minister of energy of Mauritius. He has chaired the Development Works Corporation.
The history of rail transport in Mauritius began in the 1860s. The Mauritian rail network was quickly built and it soon provided service to most of the island. It was a key factor in the social-economic development of Mauritius during its period of operation. However, due to persistent unprofitability from 1948 to 1953, it was closed in 1964. In 2019, the Metro Express light rail system opened, bringing rail passenger traffic back to Mauritius.
Santi Bai 'Maya' Hanoomanjee GCSK is the High Commissioner of Mauritius to India. She is a Mauritian politician and former Civil Servant who was the speaker of the National Assembly of Mauritius from December 2014 to November 2019. She was the first woman to hold this constitutional office and accordingly was the highest ranked female in the republic. She is a former Minister of Health of Mauritius who served from 11 May 2010 until the coalition government of Mauritian Labour Party & Militant Socialist Movement dissolved in July 2011. She served in Navin Ramgoolam's Cabinet. She served as 2nd Member of Parliament elected in constituency no 14, Black River & La Savanne from 2005 to 2014. She is a member of the MSM and was the first woman to hold the office of Speaker.
The cuisine of Mauritius is greatly influenced by the tropical location of the island as well as the cultural diversity which characterizes the country. Mauritian cuisine is a blend of African, Chinese, European and Indian influences in the history of Mauritius. Most of the dishes and culinary traditions are inspired by French culture, former African slaves, Indian workers and Chinese migrants that arrived in the country during the 19th century. Over the years, communities found in Mauritius have adapted and mixed each other's cuisine to their liking, resulting in the development of Mauritian cuisine. While some popular dishes and desserts are consumed by Mauritians of all ethnic groups or communities, there are also form of cuisines which remain distinctly ethnic and are unique to a specific ethnic community due to their ancestral cultural and historical connections. Local food which varies depending on ethnic communities therefore reflects the strong traditional, cultural, and historical influences of each community.
Elizabeth II was Queen of Mauritius as well as its head of state from 1968 to 1992 when Mauritius was an independent sovereign state and a constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth of Nations. She was also the monarch of other Commonwealth realms, including the United Kingdom. Her constitutional roles in Mauritius were delegated to a governor-general. Mauritius became a republic in 1992.
Joseph Tsang Mang Kin, born 12 March 1938, is a Mauritian poet, political scientist, philosopher and biographer. A former diplomat and ex-politician; Secretary General of the Mauritius Labor Party, Member of the Parliament and Minister of Arts and Culture, he currently operates as a panel member of the African Peer Review Mechanism, African Union.
Mauritian Creole or Morisien is a French-based creole language spoken in Mauritius. English words are included in the standardized version of the language. In addition, the slaves and indentured servants from cultures in Africa and Asia left a diverse legacy of language in the country. The words spoken by these groups are also incorporated into contemporary Morisien.
Sokari Ekine is a Nigerian activist, blogger and author. She worked as a journalist at the Pambazuka News and has also written for Feminist Africa and New Internationalist. Ekine kept a blog between 2004 and 2014 in which she covered a number of topics including LGBTI rights, women's rights, and environmental issues. She has co-written or edited four books, and taught English to school children in Haiti.
Sir Jean Etienne Moilin Ah-Chuen was a Sino-Mauritian politician and businessman from Mauritius. He was First Chinese Cabinet Minister from 1967 to 1976 and First Chinese Member, Legislative Council in 1949. He was decorated by Pope John Paul II and knighted by Queen Elizabeth II. He is also the founder ABC Group, a diversified conglomerate with investments in banking, foods industry, automobile, and shipping in Mauritius.
Malaise Créole is a term that was coined in the 1990s to describe the phenomenon of social exclusion by members of the Creole community on the island of Mauritius. The literal translation of the term is "Creole Uneasiness".
Marie Leblanc is a Mauritian writer, best known for her work as an editor of literary journals and other periodicals, as a novelist, and as a translator.
Mauritian nationality law is regulated by the Constitution of Mauritius, as amended; the Mauritius Citizenship Act, and its revisions; and various international agreements to which the country is a signatory. These laws determine who is, or is eligible to be, a national of Mauritius. The legal means to acquire nationality, formal legal membership in a nation, differ from the domestic relationship of rights and obligations between a national and the nation, known as citizenship. Nationality describes the relationship of an individual to the state under international law, whereas citizenship is the domestic relationship of an individual within the nation. In Britain and thus the Commonwealth of Nations, though the terms are often used synonymously outside of law, they are governed by different statutes and regulated by different authorities. Mauritian nationality is typically obtained under the principle of jus sanguinis, i.e. by birth in Mauritius or abroad to parents with Mauritian nationality. It can be granted to persons with an affiliation to the country, or to a permanent resident who has lived in the country for a given period of time through naturalisation.
References
- ↑ Felicity Hand (Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona) (2010-08-26). "Literary Encyclopedia | Lindsey Collen". Litencyc.com. Retrieved 2014-08-22.
- ↑ Commonwealth Prize. "Commonwealth Prize". Africabookclub.com. Retrieved 2014-08-22.
- ↑ Canada. "Lindsey Collen - New Internationalist". Newint.org. Retrieved 2014-08-22.
- ↑ "Lindsey Collen - International Viewpoint - online socialist magazine". International Viewpoint. Retrieved 2014-08-22.
- ↑ "Lindsey Collen". The Feminist Press. 2014-05-03. Archived from the original on 2014-08-26. Retrieved 2014-08-22.
- ↑ "Lindsey Collen - Lindsey Collen". Bloomsbury. Retrieved 2014-08-22.
