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Scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha. Of dramatically variable appearance and extreme sexual dimorphism, they comprise the infraorder Coccomorpha which is considered a more convenient grouping than the superfamily Coccoidea due to taxonomic uncertainties. Adult females typically have soft bodies and no limbs, and are concealed underneath domed scales, extruding quantities of wax for protection. Some species are hermaphroditic, with a combined ovotestis instead of separate ovaries and testes. Males, in the species where they occur, have legs and sometimes wings, and resemble small flies. Scale insects are herbivores, piercing plant tissues with their mouthparts and remaining in one place, feeding on sap. The excess fluid they imbibe is secreted as honeydew on which sooty mold tends to grow. The insects often have a mutualistic relationship with ants, which feed on the honeydew and protect them from predators. There are about 8,000 described species.
Icerya is a genus of scale insects in the family Monophlebidae. It is named after physician-naturalist Dr. Edmond Icery of British Mauritius.
Helicarionidae is a family of air-breathing land snails or semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicarionoidea.
Aspidiotus is a genus of armoured scale insects. It includes several agricultural and horticultural pests.
Coccus is a genus of scale insects in the family Coccidae. Several species, such as Coccus viridis, a major pest of coffee, are major agricultural pests. The type species is Coccus hesperidumLinnaeus.
Aulacaspis, is a scale insect genus in the family Diaspididae. The type species is Aulacaspis rosae.
Diaspidina is a subtribe of armored scale insects. It occurs mostly in the Americas and Africa, with a few species in tropical Asia. In the Americas Pseudoparlatoria is the largest genus, with Diaspis second; in Africa Diaspis is the largest genus. The grouping identified by Balachowsky in 1954 as the subtribe Diaspidina, are now the tribe Diaspidini.
Chionaspis is a genus of scale insect. In 2011 geographical sampling and analysis indicated a number of unnamed species in the genus Chionaspis.
Asterolecanium is a genus of pit scale insects. Asterolecanium is distributed worldwide: species have been found in each of the six biogeographic realms, and nearly all of their respective subregions.
Pseudaulacaspis is a genus of scales and mealybugs in the family Diaspididae. There are at least 60 described species in Pseudaulacaspis.
Hemiberlesia is a genus of scales and mealybugs in the family Diaspididae. There are at least 30 described species in Hemiberlesia.
Parlatoria is a genus of scales and mealybugs in the family Diaspididae. There are at least 60 described species in Parlatoria.
Diaspis is a genus of scales and mealybugs in the family Diaspididae. There are at least 50 described species in Diaspis.
Antecerococcus is a genus of scale insects. They are found worldwide but with greater abundance in the Old World. There are about 56 species:
Ferrisia is a genus of mealybugs.
References
- 1 2 "Ceroplastes Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-05-05.
- 1 2 "Browse Ceroplastes". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2018-05-05.
- 1 2 "Ceroplastes". GBIF. Retrieved 2018-05-05.
- 1 2 "Ceroplastes Genus Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-05-05.