List of IP version numbers

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Packets that hold Internet Protocol data carry a 4-bit IP version number as the first field of its header. [1] [2] Currently, only IPv4 and IPv6 packets are seen on the Internet, having IP version numbers 4 and 6, respectively.

Contents

IP version numbers

As the version number is carried in a 4-bit field, only numbers 0–15 can be assigned.

IP versionDescriptionStatus
0Internet Protocol, pre-v4Reserved. [3]
1–3Unassigned.
4 Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) [1] Active.
5 Internet Stream Protocol or STObsolete; superseded by ST-II.
5 Internet Stream Protocol or ST-II [4] Obsolete.
6Simple Internet Protocol (SIP)Obsolete; merged into IPv6 in 1995. [3]
6 Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) [2] Active.
7TP/IX The Next Internet (IPv7) [5] Obsolete. [6]
8P Internet Protocol (PIP) [7] Obsolete; merged into SIP in 1993.
9TCP and UDP over Bigger Addresses (TUBA)Obsolete. [8]
9IPv9 April Fools' Day joke. [9]
9 Chinese IPv9 Abandoned.
10–14Unassigned.
15Version field sentinel valueReserved.

History

During the development of the first version of the Internet Protocol in the 1970s, the initial experimental versions 1 to 3 were not standardized. The first working version that was widely deployed was assigned version number 4. [10]

A separate protocol based on reliable connections was developed and assigned version 5.

IP version 7 was chosen in 1988 by R. Ullmann as the next IP version because he incorrectly assumed that version 6 was in use for ST-II. However, ST-II had reused version 5 of the original ST protocol. [5] : 7 

In the early 1990s, when it became apparent that IPv4 could not sustain routing in a growing Internet, several new Internet Protocols were proposed. The Internet Protocol that finally emerged was assigned version number 6, being the lowest free number greater than 4.

The PIP protocol and TUBA protocol used versions 8 and 9, following version 7 for TP/IX.

In 2004, an IPv9 protocol was developed in China using 256-bit addresses.

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">IPv4</span> Fourth version of the Internet Protocol

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">IPv6</span> Version 6 of the Internet Protocol

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Subnet</span> Logical subdivision of an IP network

A subnetwork, or subnet, is a logical subdivision of an IP network. The practice of dividing a network into two or more networks is called subnetting.

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A classful network is an obsolete network addressing architecture used in the Internet from 1981 until the introduction of Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) in 1993. The method divides the IP address space for Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) into five address classes based on the leading four address bits. Classes A, B, and C provide unicast addresses for networks of three different network sizes. Class D is for multicast networking and the class E address range is reserved for future or experimental purposes.

In computer networking, localhost is a hostname that refers to the current computer used to access it. The name localhost is reserved for loopback purposes. It is used to access the network services that are running on the host via the loopback network interface. Using the loopback interface bypasses any local network interface hardware.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Internet Stream Protocol</span> Family of experimental protocols

The Internet Stream Protocol (ST) is a family of experimental protocols first defined in Internet Experiment Note IEN-119 in 1979, and later substantially revised in RFC 1190 (ST-II) and RFC 1819 (ST2+). The protocol uses the version number 5 in the version field of the Internet Protocol header, but was never known as IPv5. The successor to IPv4 was thus named IPv6 to eliminate any possible confusion about the actual protocol in use.

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References

  1. 1 2 J. Postel, ed. (September 1981). INTERNET PROTOCOL - DARPA INTERNET PROGRAM PROTOCOL SPECIFICATION. IETF. doi: 10.17487/RFC0791 . STD 5. RFC 791.IEN 128, 123, 111, 80, 54, 44, 41, 28, 26.Internet Standard 5. Obsoletes RFC  760. Updated by RFC  1349, 2474 and 6864.
  2. 1 2 S. Deering; R. Hinden (July 2017). Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi: 10.17487/RFC8200 . STD 86. RFC 8200.Internet Standard 86. Obsoletes RFC  2460.
  3. 1 2 Jeff Doyle; Jennifer Carroll (2006). Routing TCP/IP. Vol. 1 (2 ed.). Cisco Press. p. 8. ISBN   978-1-58705-202-6.
  4. ↑ L. Delgrossi; L. Berger, eds. (August 1995). Internet Stream Protocol Version 2 (ST2) Protocol Specification - Version ST2+. Network Working Group. doi: 10.17487/RFC1819 . RFC 1819.Historic. Obsoletes RFC  1190 and IEN 119.
  5. 1 2 R. Ullmann (June 1993). TP/IX: The Next Internet. Network Working Group. doi: 10.17487/RFC1475 . RFC 1475.Historic. Obsoleted by RFC  6814.
  6. ↑ C. Pignataro; F. Gont (November 2012). Formally Deprecating Some IPv4 Options. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi: 10.17487/RFC6814 . ISSN   2070-1721. RFC 6814.Proposed Standard. Obsoletes RFC  1385, 1393, 1475 and 1770.
  7. ↑ P. Francis (May 1994). Pip Near-term Architecture. Network Working Group. doi: 10.17487/RFC1621 . RFC 1621.Historical.
  8. ↑ Ross Callon (June 1992). TCP and UDP with Bigger Addresses (TUBA), A Simple Proposal for Internet Addressing and Routing. Network Working Group. doi: 10.17487/RFC1347 . RFC 1347.Historic.
  9. ↑ J. Onions (1 April 1994). A Historical Perspective On The Usage Of IP Version 9. Network Working Group. doi: 10.17487/RFC1606 . RFC 1606.Informational. This is an April Fools' Day Request for Comments.
  10. ↑ J. Postel, ed. (January 1980). INTERNET PROTOCOL - DARPA INTERNET PROGRAM PROTOCOL SPECIFICATION. IETF. doi: 10.17487/RFC0760 . RFC 760.IEN 128.Obsolete. Obsoleted by RFC  791. Replaces IEN 123, 111, 80, 54, 44, 41, 28 and 26. Updated by RFC   777.
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