In November 1633, Ark and Dove departed England with 100 to 300 settlers. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Using the trade winds to the Antilles islands, they arrived at Point Comfort, Virginia in February 1634 [ O.S. February 1633], then landed on St. Clement's Island, Maryland on April 4 [ O.S. March 25] 1634. [5]
Crew aboard the Ark
Crew aboard the Dove
Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore was an English peer, politician, and lawyer who was the first proprietor of Maryland. Born in Kent, England in 1605, he inherited the proprietorship of overseas colonies in Avalon (Newfoundland), along with Maryland after the 1632 death of his father, George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore (1580–1632), for whom it had been originally intended in a vast land grant from King Charles I. Young Calvert proceeded to establish and manage the Province of Maryland as a proprietary colony for English Catholics from his English country house of Kiplin Hall in North Yorkshire.
The Province of Maryland was an English and later British colony in North America from 1634 until 1776, when the province was one of the Thirteen Colonies that joined in supporting the American Revolution against Great Britain. In 1781, Maryland was the 13th signatory to the Articles of Confederation. The province's first settlement and capital was in St. Mary's City, located at the southern end of St. Mary's County, a peninsula in the Chesapeake Bay bordered by four tidal rivers.
Leonard Calvert was the first proprietary governor of the Province of Maryland. He was the second son of The 1st Baron Baltimore (1579–1632), the first proprietor of Maryland. His elder brother Cecil (1605–1675), who inherited the colony and the title upon the death of their father George, April 15, 1632, appointed Leonard as governor of the Colony in his absence.
Matthew Wren was an influential English clergyman, bishop and scholar.
Richard Ingle was an English sea captain, tobacco trader, and privateer in colonial Maryland. Along with William Claiborne, Ingle revolted against Maryland Catholic leaders in the name of English Parliament and Puritans in a period known as the Plundering Time. Ingle and his men attacked ships and captured the colonial capital of the proprietary government in St. Mary's City.
Thomas Cornwallis was an English politician and colonial administrator. Cornwallis served as one of the first Commissioners of the Province of Maryland, and Captain of the colony's military during the early years of settlement. In a 1638 naval engagement with Virginian colonists, he captured Kent Island in Maryland.
Capt. Darby Lux I (1695–1750) was a mariner, merchant, and Justice of Baltimore County, Maryland. The son of an English clergyman, was born in Kenton Parish, Devonshire, England, on June 15, 1695. He was christened on June 30, 1696, in Kenton. Darby immigrated in the early 1720s and settled in Anne Arundel County. He was a mariner by occupation from 1720–1742.
Major Thomas Brooke Sr., Esq. was a colonial lawyer, planter and politician of Calvert County, Maryland, where he served in the appointed positions of Burgess, High Sheriff and Chief Justice.
Robert Brooke Sr. (1602–1655) was a Colonial Governor of Maryland for several months in 1652. He is also the grandfather of later colonial Governor of Maryland Thomas Brooke Jr.
Col. Thomas Dent Sr., Gent. (1630–1676), Justice, Sheriff, and member of the Lower House of the Maryland General Assembly.
Andrew White, SJ was an English Jesuit Catholic missionary who was involved in the founding of the Maryland colony. A chronicler of Colonial Maryland, his writings remain a primary source on the land, the Native Americans and the Jesuit mission in North America.
Thomas Greene was an early settler of the Maryland colony and the 2nd Proprietary Governor of Maryland from 1647 to 1648.
Maryland Dove is a re-creation of the Dove, an early 17th-century English trading ship, one of two ships which made up the first expedition from the Kingdom of England to the Province of Maryland. The 1978 Dove was designed by the naval architect and naval historian William A. Baker. The namesake Dove was a trading vessel that could be sailed by a crew of seven. The much larger Ark, was a passenger ship, and was sailed by a crew of 40 or more. The Dove was left behind as a local trading vessel to facilitate commerce between Maryland and the other colonies.
The Knights of the Royal Oak was an intended order of chivalry in England. It was proposed in 1660 at the time of the restoration of Charles II of England to be a reward for those Englishmen who had faithfully and actively supported Charles during his nine years of exile in continental Europe. Members of the order were to be called "Knights of the Royal Oak", and bestowed with a silver medal, on a ribbon, depicting the king in the Royal oak tree. This was in reference to the oak tree at Boscobel House, then called the "Oak of Boscobel", in which Charles II hid to escape the Roundheads after the Battle of Worcester in 1651. Men were selected from all the counties of England and Wales, with the number from each county being in proportion to the population. William Dugdale in 1681 noted 687 names, each with a valuation of their estate in pounds per year. The estates of 18 men were valued at more than £3,000 per year. The names of the recipients are also listed in the baronetages, published in five volumes, 1741. Henry Cromwell-Williams, a zealous royalist and first cousin once removed to Oliver Cromwell, was one of the men proposed to be one of these knights.
The Ark was a 400-ton English merchant ship hired in 1633 by Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore to bring roughly 140 English colonists and their equipment and supplies to the new colony and Province of Maryland, one of the original Thirteen Colonies of British North America on the Atlantic Ocean eastern seaboard. On the historic trans-oceanic voyage from England in late 1633 and early 1634, The Ark was accompanied by the smaller 40-ton pinnace Dove.
Thomas Trueman was a British attorney who also became a merchant, planter, politician and controversial military officer in the Maryland Colony. He was impeached on one of three counts by the Upper House of the Maryland Assembly for killing several Susquehannock emissarys under a flag of truce months before Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia. Trueman had served in both houses of the Maryland Assembly before that conflict, and although dismissed from the Governor's Council after that impeachment in 1676, he served another term in 1683-84.
Henry Fleete was an early English trader in the Colony of Virginia and Province of Maryland. He was a Burgess representative for the Virginia Colony, and interacted with William Claiborne during the time of conflict between Protestant Virginians and Catholic Maryland leadership. During a trading expedition with Henry Spelman of Jamestown, he was abducted and held captive by the Anacostan people for almost five years.