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PostgreSQL also known as Postgres, is a free and open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) emphasizing extensibility and SQL compliance. PostgreSQL features transactions with atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability (ACID) properties, automatically updatable views, materialized views, triggers, foreign keys, and stored procedures. It is supported on all major operating systems, including Windows, Linux, macOS, FreeBSD, and OpenBSD, and handles a range of workloads from single machines to data warehouses, data lakes, or web services with many concurrent users.
Ingres Database is a proprietary SQL relational database management system intended to support large commercial and government applications.
Db2 is a family of data management products, including database servers, developed by IBM. It initially supported the relational model, but was extended to support object–relational features and non-relational structures like JSON and XML. The brand name was originally styled as DB2 until 2017, when it changed to its present form.
HSQLDB is a relational database management system written in Java. It has a JDBC driver and supports a large subset of SQL-92, SQL:2008, SQL:2011, and SQL:2016 standards. It offers a fast, small database engine which offers both in-memory and disk-based tables. Both embedded and server modes are available.
The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of relational database management systems. Please see the individual products' articles for further information. Unless otherwise specified in footnotes, comparisons are based on the stable versions without any add-ons, extensions or external programs.
Multi-master replication is a method of database replication which allows data to be stored by a group of computers, and updated by any member of the group. All members are responsive to client data queries. The multi-master replication system is responsible for propagating the data modifications made by each member to the rest of the group and resolving any conflicts that might arise between concurrent changes made by different members.
IBM Storage Protect is a data protection platform that gives enterprises a single point of control and administration for backup and recovery. It is the flagship product in the IBM Spectrum Protect family.
In database computing, Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) — an option for the Oracle Database software produced by Oracle Corporation and introduced in 2001 with Oracle9i — provides software for clustering and high availability in Oracle database environments. Oracle Corporation includes RAC with the Enterprise Edition, provided the nodes are clustered using Oracle Clusterware.
In computing, a materialized view is a database object that contains the results of a query. For example, it may be a local copy of data located remotely, or may be a subset of the rows and/or columns of a table or join result, or may be a summary using an aggregate function.
A relational database management system uses SQL MERGE statements to INSERT new records or UPDATE or DELETE existing records depending on whether condition matches. It was officially introduced in the SQL:2003 standard, and expanded in the SQL:2008 standard.
A spatial database is a general-purpose database that has been enhanced to include spatial data that represents objects defined in a geometric space, along with tools for querying and analyzing such data.
In databases, and transaction processing, snapshot isolation is a guarantee that all reads made in a transaction will see a consistent snapshot of the database, and the transaction itself will successfully commit only if no updates it has made conflict with any concurrent updates made since that snapshot.
Embedded SQL is a method of combining the computing power of a programming language and the database manipulation capabilities of SQL. Embedded SQL statements are SQL statements written inline with the program source code, of the host language. The embedded SQL statements are parsed by an embedded SQL preprocessor and replaced by host-language calls to a code library. The output from the preprocessor is then compiled by the host compiler. This allows programmers to embed SQL statements in programs written in any number of languages such as C/C++, COBOL and Fortran. This differs from SQL-derived programming languages that don't go through discrete preprocessors, such as PL/SQL and T-SQL.
The SQL/MED extension to the SQL standard is defined by ISO/IEC 9075-9:2008. SQL/MED provides extensions to SQL that define foreign-data wrappers and datalink types to allow SQL to manage external data. External data is data that is accessible to, but not managed by, an SQL-based DBMS. This standard can be used in the development of federated database systems.
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Toad Data Modeler is a database design tool allowing users to visually create, maintain, and document new or existing database systems, and to deploy changes to data structures across different platforms. It is used to construct logical and physical data models, compare and synchronize models, generate complex SQL/DDL, create and modify scripts, and reverse and forward engineer databases and data warehouse systems. Toad's data modelling software is used for database design, maintenance and documentation.
A hierarchical query is a type of SQL query that handles hierarchical model data. They are special cases of more general recursive fixpoint queries, which compute transitive closures.
In relational databases a virtual column is a table column whose value(s) is automatically computed using other columns values, or another deterministic expression. Virtual columns are defined of SQL:2003 as Generated Column, and are only implemented by some DBMSs, like MariaDB, SQL Server, Oracle, PostgreSQL, SQLite and Firebird.
Percona XtraDB is a storage engine for the MariaDB and Percona Server databases, and is intended as a drop-in replacement to InnoDB, which is the default engine in MySQL.
WiredTiger is a NoSQL, open source extensible platform for data management. It is released under version 2 or 3 of the GNU General Public License. WiredTiger uses multiversion concurrency control (MVCC) architecture.
References
- ↑ Berkeley DB Reference Guide: Degrees of Isolation
- ↑ Cloud Spanner: TrueTime and external consistency
- ↑ A new approach: Clustrix Sierra database engine Archived 2012-04-12 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ CockroachDB's MVCC model
- ↑ "Database Transaction — CUBRID 10.0.0 documentation".
- ↑ DB2 Version 9.7 LUW Information Center, Currently committed semantics improve concurrency
- ↑ etcd3 Documentation | etcd3 API | CoreOS
- ↑ Graves, Steve (May 1, 2010). "Multi-Core Software: To Gain Speed, Eliminate Resource Contention". RTC Magazine. Archived from the original on June 1, 2010.
- ↑ White paper by Roman Rokytsky Firebird and Multi Version Concurrency Control
- ↑ Multi-Version Concurrency Control in the H2 Database Engine
- ↑ MVCC - Ingres Community Wiki Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine . Community.ingres.com. Retrieved on 2013-09-18.
- ↑ Todd, Bill (2000). "InterBase: What Sets It Apart". Archived from the original on 26 February 2006. Retrieved 4 May 2006.
- ↑ MDBX homepage
- ↑ About XtraDB, About XtraDB
- ↑ MariaDB/Storage Engines, PBXT
- ↑ About PBXT, About PBXT
- ↑ Inside MarkLogic Server [ permanent dead link ]
- ↑ Snapshot Isolation in SQL Server
- ↑ "MonetDB Transactions" . Retrieved 6 April 2019.
- ↑ Multiversion concurrency control in MongoDB, MongoDB CTO: How our new WiredTiger storage engine will earn its stripes
- ↑ MySQL 5.1 Reference Manual, Section 14.2.12: Implementation of Multi-Versioning
- ↑ MySQL 5.1 Reference Manual, Table 14.1. Storage Engine Features
- ↑ or Maria MySQL 5.1 Reference Manual, Section 14.6.1: Falcon Features (Archive) Archived 2014-10-04 at the Portuguese Web Archive
- ↑ Oracle Database Concepts: Chapter 13 Data Concurrency and Consistency Multiversion Concurency Control
- ↑ "Oracle 4". Oracle FAQ. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
- ↑ "Oracle Timeline" . Retrieved 21 March 2013.
- ↑ OrientDb Documentation
- ↑ PostgreSQL Current Documentation, Chapter 13: Concurrency Control
- ↑ RDM Embedded 10.1 Reference Manual, d_trrobegin Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ RethinkDB advanced FAQ
- ↑ "terminusdb/terminusdb-server". GitHub. Retrieved 2020-05-15.
- ↑ Proposal for MVCC in ZODB Archived 2012-02-06 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ MVCC has landed
- ↑ ehcache site
- ↑ MVCC optimistic locking is not implemented yet
- ↑ Jackrabbit Oak - Session Refresh Behavior