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These monarchs are listed in the Pictish chronicles, made during the reign of Kenneth II (971-995). These monarchs are usually known as legendary or mythical kings of the Picts, this list goes up to Vipoig, for rulers after this see List of kings of the Picts.
"Cruidne the son of Cinge, father of the Picts living in this island, ruled for 100 years. He had 7 sons. These are their names: Fib, Fidach, Floclaid, Fortrenn, Got, Ce, Circinn." [1]
| Name | English text | Pictish text | Ruled for |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gede olgudach | Gede olgudach 80 | Gede olgudach lxxx | 80 years |
| Denbecan | Denbecan 100 | Denbecan c | 100 years |
| Olfinecta | Olfinecta 60 | Olfinecta lx | 60 years |
| Guidid gaed brechach | Guidid gaed brechach 50 | Guidid gaed brechach l | 50 years |
| Gest gurcich | Gest gurcich 40 | Gest gurcich xl | 40 years |
| Wurgest | Wurgest 30 | Wurgest xxx | 30 years |
According to the Pictish Chronicles "Brude bont, from whom 30 Brudes ruled Ireland and Albany for the space of 150 years, himself ruled for 48 years. They were: pant, urpant, leo, uleo, gant, urgant, gnith, urgnith, fecir, urfecir, cal, urcal, cint, urcint, fet, urfet, ru, eru, gart et urgart, cinid, urcnid, uip, uruip, grid, urgrid, mund, urmund"
This means Bont ruled for 48 years, and for 102 years the lands were ruled by the other 28 brudes, there are not 30 brudes as mentioned, there are 28/29 brudes. After the brudes Gilgidi ruled for 150 years.
| Name | English text | Pictish text | Ruled for |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gilgidi | Gilgidi ruled for 150 years | Gilgidi c l annis regnavit | 150 years |
| Tharain | Tharain 100 years | Tharain c | 100 years |
| Morleo | Morelo 15 | Morleo xv | 15 years |
| Deocliunon | Deocliunon 40 | Deocliunon xl | 40 years |
| Cimoiod (mac Arcois) | Cimoiod son of Arcois 7 | Cimoiod filius Arcois vij | 7 years |
| Deoord | Deoord 50 | Deoord l | 50 years |
| Bliesbltituth | Bliesbltituth 5 | Bliesbltituh v | 5 years |
| Dectotric | Dectotr'ic frater Diu xl | Dectotric brother of Diu 40 | 40 years |
| Usconbuts | Usconbuts xxx | Usconbuts 30 | 30 years |
| Carvorst | Carvorst xl | Carvorst 40 | 40 years |
| Deo Ardivois | Deo ardivois xx | Deo Ardivois 20 | 20 years |
| Vist | Vist l | Vist 50 | 50 years |
| Ru | Ru c | Ru 100 | 100 years |
| Name | Pictish text | English text | Reigned for | Reigned |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gartnait loc | Gartnaith loc, a quo Garnart iii. regnavere, ix annis regnavit | Gartnaith loc, from whom 3 Garnarts ruled, himself ruled for 9 years | 9 years | 296-305 |
| Breth (mac Buthut) | Breth filius Buthut vij | Breth son of Buthut 7 | 7 years | 305-312 |
Vipoig was the first confirmed king of the Picts ruling from 312-342 and was succeeded by Canutulachama. For further reading see List of kings of the Picts.
Kenneth MacAlpin or Kenneth I was King of Dál Riada (841–850), and King of the Picts (848–858), of likely Gaelic origin. According to the traditional account, he inherited the throne of Dál Riada from his father Alpín mac Echdach, founder of the Alpínid dynasty. Kenneth I conquered the kingdom of the Picts in 843–850 and began a campaign to seize all of Scotland and assimilate the Picts, for which he was posthumously nicknamed An Ferbasach. He fought the Britons of the Kingdom of Strathclyde and the invading Vikings from Scandinavia. Forteviot became the capital of his kingdom and Kenneth relocated relics, including the Stone of Scone from an abandoned abbey on Iona, to his new domain.
The Picts were a group of peoples in what is now Scotland north of the Firth of Forth, in the Early Middle Ages. Where they lived and details of their culture can be gleaned from early medieval texts and Pictish stones. The name Picti appears in written records as an exonym from the late third century AD. They are assumed to have been descendants of the Caledonii and other northern Iron Age tribes. Their territory is referred to as "Pictland" by modern historians. Initially made up of several chiefdoms, it came to be dominated by the Pictish kingdom of Fortriu from the seventh century. During this Verturian hegemony, Picti was adopted as an endonym. This lasted around 160 years until the Pictish kingdom merged with that of Dál Riata to form the Kingdom of Alba, ruled by the House of Alpin. The concept of "Pictish kingship" continued for a few decades until it was abandoned during the reign of Caustantín mac Áeda.
Dál Riata or Dál Riada was a Gaelic kingdom that encompassed the western seaboard of Scotland and north-eastern Ireland, on each side of the North Channel. At its height in the 6th and 7th centuries, it covered what is now Argyll in Scotland and part of County Antrim in Northern Ireland. After a period of expansion, Dál Riata eventually became associated with the Gaelic Kingdom of Alba.
Eochaid ab Rhun was a ninth century King of Strathclyde, who may have also been King of the Picts. He was a son of Rhun ab Arthgal, King of Strathclyde, and descended from a long line of British kings. Eochaid's mother is recorded to have been a daughter of Cináed mac Ailpín, King of the Picts. This maternal descent from the royal Alpínid dynasty may well account for the record of Eochaid reigning over the Pictish realm after the death of Cináed's son, Áed, in 878. According to various sources, Áed was slain by Giric, whose ancestry is uncertain and who then proceeded to usurp the Alban throne.
Alpín mac Echdach was a supposed king of Dál Riata, an ancient kingdom that included parts of Ireland and Scotland.
Óengus mac Fergusa was king of the Picts from 820 until 834. In Scottish historiography, he is associated with the veneration of Saint Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland, although this has not been proven.
Giric mac Dúngail, in modern English his name is Gregory or Greg MacDougal and nicknamed Mac Rath, was a king of the Picts or the king of Alba. The Irish annals record nothing of Giric's reign, nor do Anglo-Saxon writings add anything, and the meagre information which survives is contradictory. Modern historians disagree as to whether Giric was the sole king or ruled jointly with Eochaid, on his ancestry, and if he should be considered a Pictish king or the first king of Alba.
Óengus son of Fergus was king of the Picts from 732 until his death in 761. His reign can be reconstructed in some detail from a variety of sources. The unprecedented territorial gains he made from coast to coast, and the legacy he left, mean Óengus can be considered the first king of what would become Scotland.
Bridei son of Maelchon was King of the Picts from 554 to 584. Sources are vague or contradictory regarding him, but it is believed that his court was near Loch Ness and that he may have been a Christian. Several contemporaries also claimed the title "King of the Picts". He died in the mid-580s, possibly in battle, and was succeeded by Gartnait son of Domelch.
Fortriu was a Pictish kingdom recorded between the 4th and 10th centuries. It was traditionally believed to be located in and around Strathearn in central Scotland, but is more likely to have been based in the north, in the Moray and Easter Ross area. Fortriu is a term used by historians as it is not known what name its people used to refer to their polity. Historians also sometimes use the name synonymously with Pictland in general.
The Pictish Chronicle is a name used to refer to a pseudo-historical account of the kings of the Picts beginning many thousand years before history was recorded in Pictavia and ending after Pictavia had been enveloped by Scotland.
Bridei was king of the Picts, in modern Scotland, from 843 to 845, contesting with Kenneth MacAlpin. According to the Pictish Chronicle, he was the son of Uuthoi.
Bridei son of Beli, died 692 was king of Fortriu and of the Picts from 671 until 692. His reign marks the start of the period known to historians as the Verturian hegemony, a turning point in the history of Scotland, when the uniting of Pictish provinces under the over-kingship of the kings of Fortriu saw the development of a strong Pictish state and identity encompassing most of the peoples north of the Forth.
Drest was king of the Picts from 724 until 726. He succeeded Nechtan mac Der-Ilei when the latter abdicated and entered a monastery in 724.
The origins of the Kingdom of Alba pertain to the origins of the Kingdom of Alba, or the Gaelic Kingdom of Scotland, either as a mythological event or a historical process, during the Early Middle Ages.
Rhun ab Arthgal was a ninth-century King of Strathclyde. He is the only known son of Arthgal ap Dyfnwal, King of Alt Clut. In 870, during the latter's reign, the fortress of Alt Clut was captured by Vikings, after which Arthgal and his family may have been amongst the mass of prisoners taken back to Ireland. Two years later Arthgal is recorded to have been slain at the behest of Causantín mac Cináeda, King of the Picts. The circumstances surrounding this regicide are unknown. The fact that Rhun seems to have been Causantín's brother-in-law could account for Causantín's interference in the kingship of Alt Clut.
The House of Óengus is a proposed dynasty that may have ruled as Kings of the Picts and possibly of all of northern Great Britain, for approximately a century from the 730s to the 830s AD. Their first ruler of Pictland was the great Óengus I of the Picts, who may be the figure carved into the St Andrews Sarcophagus pictured on the right.
Cé was a Pictish territory recorded during the Early Medieval period and located in the area of modern-day Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Seven Children of Cruithne is a quatrain written in Old Irish that forms the earliest known record of one of the origin myths of the Picts. In this myth, the Pictish kingdom's legendary founder Cruithne divides his territory into seven districts for each of his seven sons, each of which succeed him sequentially in ruling the entire kingdom.
