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Since its establishment in 1947, Pakistan has had an asymmetric federal government and is a federal parliamentary democratic republic. At the national level, the people of Pakistan elect a bicameral legislature, the Parliament of Pakistan. The parliament consists of a lower house called the National Assembly, which is elected directly, and an upper house called the Senate, whose members are chosen by elected provincial legislators. The head of government, the Prime Minister, is elected by the majority members of the National Assembly and the head of state, the President, is elected by the Electoral College, which consists of both houses of Parliament together with the four provincial assemblies. In addition to the national parliament and the provincial assemblies, Pakistan also has more than five thousand elected local governments.
General elections were held in Pakistan on 7 December 1970 to elect members of the National Assembly. They were the first direct general elections since the independence of Pakistan and ultimately the only ones held prior to the independence of Bangladesh. Voting took place in 300 general constituencies, of which 162 were in East Pakistan and 138 in West Pakistan. A further thirteen seats were reserved for women, who were to be elected by members of the National Assembly.
General elections were held in Pakistan on 10 October 2002 to elect the 12th National Assembly and four Provincial Assemblies. The elections were held under the military government of Pervez Musharraf. The two mainstream parties, Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) had several restrictions imposed on them and their leaders Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif were in exile. In order to address the restrictions, PPP created the Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians (PPPP) under the leadership of Ameen Faheem, to contest the elections on its behalf. The PML-N meanwhile, suffering from the party's division into two factions: one that remained loyal to Sharif and were contesting the elections under the leadership of Javed Hashmi, and the other which had broken away to form the pro-Musharraf Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML-Q) under the leadership of Mian Muhammad Azhar. The emergence of the PML-Q marked the beginning of multi-party politics in the country, bringing an end to the decade-long two-party system between the PPP and PML-N.
Fahmida Mirza is a Pakistani politician who was Federal Minister for Inter Provincial Coordination, in office from 20 August 2018 until 10 April 2022. She served as the 18th and only woman Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan from March 2008 to June 2013.
Azra Fazal Pechuho is a Pakistani politician who was the Provincial Minister of Sindh for Health, and Population Welfare, in office from August 2018 till August 2023. She had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from August 2018 till August 2023. She was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan, from 2002 to May 2018.
Alhaj Shamim Uddin was a senior politician of Pakistan. He migrated from Badaun, India to Karachi, Pakistan on 7 May 1950 with over 40 families. He has been associated with social causes, politics and public welfare. He died on 23 March 2021 in Karachi on Pakistan Day.
General elections were held in Pakistan on Wednesday, 25 July 2018 to elect the members of 15th National Assembly and the four Provincial Assemblies. The three major parties were Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) led by Imran Khan, the Pakistan Muslim League led by Shehbaz Sharif and the Pakistan Peoples Party led by Bilawal Bhutto. The PTI won the most seats in the National Assembly but fell short of a majority; the party subsequently formed a coalition government with several smaller parties. At the provincial level, the PTI remained the largest party in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP); the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) retained its dominance in Sindh and the newly formed Balochistan Awami Party (BAP) emerged as the largest party in Balochistan. In Punjab, the result was a hung parliament with the Pakistan Muslim League (N) winning the most seats. However, after several independents MPAs joined the PTI, the latter became the largest party and was able to form a government.
Presidential elections were held on 30 July 2013 in Pakistan to elect the 12th President of Pakistan. Incumbent President Asif Ali Zardari’s term was scheduled to expire on 8 September 2013; and as such, Article 41 of the Constitution of Pakistan required the elections to be held no later than 8 August 2013. The Electoral College of Pakistan – a joint sitting of the Senate, National Assembly and Provincial Assemblies – were tasked with electing a new president to succeed President Zardari, who declined to seek a second term in office. After the Pakistan Peoples Party and its allies boycotted the presidential election, the two candidates were Mamnoon Hussain backed by the Pakistan Muslim League (N), and Wajihuddin Ahmed backed by Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf. Agra-born Hussain was elected president by a majority securing 432 votes. The elections were the first time in Pakistani history where a civilian president was elected while an incumbent civilian President was still in office, completing a historic and democratic transition of power that began with the 2013 General Elections.
Muhammad Ayaz Soomro was a Pakistani politician and lawyer, who had been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan, from June 2013 to March 2018. Previously he had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from 2002 to 2007 and again from 2008 to 2013. During his second tenure as member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh, he served in the cabinet of Sindh as provincial minister in various positions.
Senate elections were held in Pakistan on 5 March 2015 to elect the replacements for 52 retiring senators. Those retiring include chairman Nayyar Hussain Bukhari and deputy chairman Sabir Ali Baloch of the upper house. Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), the majority party in Senate, would lose 21 members, followed by Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz would lose 9 and Awami National Party would lose 6 members.
Presidential elections were held in Pakistan on 4 September 2018. The elections saw Arif Alvi of PTI being elected as the 13th President of Pakistan after defeating Fazal-ur-Rehman of MMA and Aitzaz Ahsan of PPP. Although the incumbent President Mamnoon Hussain, whose term was to expire on 9th September 2018, was eligible for re-election, he declined to take part.
Mir Hazar Khan Bijarani was a Pakistani politician who was the Member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh for Constituency PS-16 (Jacobabad-IV) from his election in June 2013 and the Provincial Minister of Sindh for Planning and Development since August 2016 until his death in February 2018. Mir Hazar Khan Bijarani was the chief of 36 tribes. Mir Hazar Khan Bijarani was the son of Sardar Noor Muhammad Khan Bijarani.
Allah Bux Talpur is a Pakistani politician who was a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh, between 1985 and August 2023.
Aziz Ahmed Jatoi is a Pakistani politician who had been a Member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh, from 2002 to May 2018.
Ghulam Shah Jeelani was a Pakistani politician who was a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from August 2018 until his death.
Provincial elections were held in the Pakistani province of Balochistan on 25 July 2018. Newly formed Balochistan Awami Party (BAP) emerged as the largest party by winning 24 seats followed by Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal who won 10 seats. Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf won 7 seats for the very first time.
Nuzhat Pathan is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from August 2018 till August 2023. Previously, she was a member of Provincial Assembly of Sindh from 2002 to 2013.
Muhammad Ismail Rahoo is a Pakistani politician who was the Provincial Minister of Sindh for Agriculture, Supply and Prices, Universities and Board, Environment, Climate Change and Coastal Development in office from 19 August 2018 till 11 August 2023. He had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from August 2018 till August 2023.