Patan Durbar Square also known as Lalitpur Durbar Square, in the city of Lalitpur, is an ancient palace in Kathmandu Valley. There are numerous monuments in the square. The palace square is listed as world heritage sites by the UNESCO.[2]
Kathmandu (;, , officially the Kathmandu Metropolitan City, is the capital and the most populous city of Nepal with 845,767 inhabitants living in 105,649 households in 2021 and 2.9 million people in its urban agglomeration. It is located in the Kathmandu Valley, a large valley in the high plateaus in central Nepal, at an altitude of 1,400 metres. It is the second largest city proper in Himalayan hill region after Srinagar, and the largest Metropolitan region in the Himalayan hill region.
Bhaktapur, known locally as Khwopa, is a city in the east corner of the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal located about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from the capital city, Kathmandu. It is located in and serves as the headquarters of Bhaktapur District in Bagmati Province of Nepal. In terms of area, Bhaktapur is the smallest city of Nepal.
Lalitpur Metropolitan City, historically Patan, is the fourth most populous city of Nepal after Kathmandu, Pokhara and Bharatpur, and it is located in the south-central part of Kathmandu Valley, a new metropolitan city of Nepal. Lalitpur is also known as Manigal. It is best known for its rich cultural heritage, particularly its tradition of arts and crafts. It is city renowned for its festival and feast, fine ancient art, and the making of metallic and stone carved statues. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 226,728 in 54,748 individual households. The city received extensive damage from an earthquake on 25 April 2015.
The Kathmandu Valley, lies at the crossroads of ancient civilizations of the Indian subcontinent and the broader Asian continent, and has at least 130 important monuments, including several pilgrimage sites for Hindus and Buddhists. There are seven World Heritage Sites within the valley.
Bhaktapur district (Nepali: भक्तपुर जिल्लाListen; Nepal Bhasa : ख्वप देश located in the eastern part of Kathmandu valley, is the smallest district among the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. It is part of Bagmati Province. The district, with Bhaktapur as its district headquarters, covers an area of 119 km2 and in 2011 had a population of 304,651 of whom 9,701 people were absent.
Durbar Square, which means Royal Squares in English, is the generic name used to describe plazas and areas opposite the old royal palaces in Nepal. The name comes from Persian دربار (Darbar). It consists of temples, idols, open courts, water fountains and more. Before the Unification of Nepal, Nepal consisted of small kingdoms, and Durbar Squares are most prominent remnants of those old kingdoms in Nepal. In particular, three Durbar Squares in the Kathmandu Valley, belonging to the three Newar kingdoms situated there before unification, are most famous: Kathmandu Durbar Square, Patan Durbar Square, and Bhaktapur Durbar Square. All three are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.These sites have received significant damage due to the devastating earthquake of 2015 but most structures still remain.
Hanuman Dhoka is a complex of structures with the Royal Palace of the Malla kings and also of the Shah dynasty in the Durbar Square of central Kathmandu, Nepal. It is spread over five acres. The Hanuman Dhoka Palace gets its name from the stone image of Hanuman, the Hindu deity, that sits near the main entryway. 'Dhoka' means door or gate in Nepali. The buildings were severely damaged in the 2015 earthquake.
The architectural heritage of Kathmandu city is integral to that of the Kathmandu valley since all monuments have evolved over centuries of craftsmanship influenced by Hindu and Buddhist religious practices. The architectural treasure of the Kathmandu valley has been categorized under the well known seven groups of heritage monuments and buildings. In 2006, UNESCO declared these seven groups of monuments as a World Heritage Site (WHS). The seven monuments zones cover an area of 188.95 hectares, with the buffer zone extending to 239.34 hectares. The Seven Monument Zones (Mzs) inscribed originally in 1979 with a minor modification in inscribed year as 2006, are: Five monuments in Kathmandu – Durbar square of Hanuman Dhoka, Hindu temples of Pashupatinath and Changunarayan, the Buddha stupas of Swayambu and Boudhanath; and two monuments outside Kathmandu city limits, in the satellite towns of Patan and Bhktapur – Durbar square at Patan, Durbar square at Bhaktapur. Brief details of the five Kathmandu city monuments are elaborated here.
Bhaktapur Durbar Square, locally known as Khwopa Lyaku is the royal palace of the old Bhaktapur Kingdom, 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) above sea level. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Reasonably, it is grounded within the area of 6.52 square miles yet it has numerous temples and wow monuments.
Patan Durbar Square is situated at the centre of the city of Lalitpur in Nepal. It is one of the three Durbar Squares in the Kathmandu Valley, all of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. One of its attractions is the ancient royal palace where the Malla Kings of Lalitpur resided.
Rajopadhyaya is one of the five groups of Bramhans in Nepal. Witzel (1986) identifies the following five groups of Bramhans in Nepal-
the Newārī-speaking Rājopādhyāya Bramhan
the Nepāli-speaking Kumāī Bramhan
the Nepāli-speaking Pūrbiya Bramhan
the Maithilī-speaking Maithil Bramhan
the Bhaṭṭa Bramhan from South India as priests of Pashupatinath Temple
Maru is a historic neighborhood in central Kathmandu, Nepal and one of the most important cultural spots in the city. It is linked with the origin of the name Kathmandu, and forms part of what is generically known as Durbar Square, the old royal palace complexes of temples, shrines and palace buildings all of which have been declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
The Patan Museum is a museum located in Patan, Lalitpur, Nepal. The museum falls under the UNESCO's World Heritage Sites. The Patan Museum was inaugurated in 1997 by Late King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah. The Patan Museum displays the traditional sacred arts of Nepal in an illustrious architectural setting. Its home is an old residential court of Patan Durbar, one of the royal palaces of former Malla Kings of the Kathmandu Valley. The royal palace was built in 1734, on the site of a Buddhist monastery. The museum quadrangle is known as Keshav Narayan Chowk.
The Kathmandu Valley Preservation Trust (KVPT) is an independent organization working to safeguard the historic architecture of the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal. KVPT was founded in 1991 by architectural historian Eduard Sekler, then team leader of the UNESCO Campaign to Safeguard the Cultural Heritage of the Kathmandu Valley, and is run by a team of Nepali architects and craftspeople in Patan, working closely with the Government of Nepal, Department of Archaeology. Over the past two decades, KVPT has saved over 50 buildings throughout the valley including rest-houses, temples, monasteries, stepwells, palaces and homes. Seismic retrofit is an important component of almost every restoration project. Since 2006, KVPT has been working primarily on the complete restoration and adaptive re-use of the abandoned palace complex adjoining Patan Durbar Square.
Nautalle Durbar is a palace in Hanuman Dhoka, Kathmandu Durbar Square.
References
↑ Government of Nepal, Department of Archaeology (2004). ललितपुर दरवार संरक्षित स्मारक क्षेत्रका वर्गीकृत स्मारकहरूको विवरण[Details of Categorized Monuments in Lalitpur Palace Protected Heritage Site] (in Nepali). Kathmandu: Government of Nepal, Ministry of Federal Affairs, Constituent Assembly, Parliamentary System and Culture, Department of Archaeology.
↑ "Kathmandu Valley". UNESCO Heritage Sites. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Retrieved 31 August 2017.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
