List of proto-languages

Below is a partial list of proto-languages that have been reconstructed, ordered by geographic location.

Africa

• Proto-Afroasiatic
  • Proto-Semitic
  • Proto-Cushitic
  • Proto-Berber
  • Proto-Chadic
  • Proto-Omotic
• Proto-Niger–Congo
  • Proto-Bantu
  • Proto-Yoruboid

Europe and Western Asia

• Proto-Northwest Caucasian
  • Proto-Abazgi
  • Proto-Circassian
• Proto-Kartvelian
  • Proto-Georgian-Zan
• Proto-Basque
• Proto-Indo-European
  • Proto-Anatolian
  • Proto-Albanian
  • Proto-Greek
  • Proto-Armenian
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian
    • Proto-Iranian
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan
      • Early Romani
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic
    • Proto-Baltic
    • Proto-Slavic
  • Proto-Celtic
    • Common Brittonic
  • Proto-Germanic
    • Proto-Norse
  • Proto-Italic
    • Proto-Romance
      • Common Romanian
• Proto-Afroasiatic
  • Proto-Semitic
    • Proto-Arabic
• Proto-Northeast Caucasian
• Proto-Uralic
  • Proto-Finno-Ugric  [ ru ]
  • Proto-Finnic (Proto-Balto-Finnic)
  • Proto-Samic

North and Central Asia

• Proto-Turkic
• Proto-Mongolic
• Proto-Tungusic
• Proto-Koreanic
• Proto-Japonic
• Proto-Yeniseian
• Proto-Uralic
  • Proto-Finno-Ugric  [ ru ]
  • Proto-Finnic
  • Proto-Samic
  • Proto-Mordvinic
  • Proto-Permic
  • Proto-Mansi
  • Proto-Khanty
  • Proto-Samoyed
• Proto-Chukotko-Kamchatkan
• Proto-Indo-European
  • Proto-Tocharian
• Proto-Ainu

South Asia

• Proto-Dravidian
  • Proto-South Dravidian
• Proto-Indo-European
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan
    • Proto-Nuristani

Pacific Rim

• Proto-Pama–Nyungan
  • Proto-Arandic
  • Proto-Thura-Yura
• Proto-Trans–New Guinea (list)
• Proto-Austronesian (list)
  • Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
    • Proto-Malayic
    • Proto-Philippine
    • Proto-Oceanic
      • Proto-Central Pacific language
        • Proto-Polynesian
      • Proto-Admiralty Islands
      • Proto-Temotu language
      • Proto-Micronesian language
      • Proto-Torres–Banks language
• Proto-Kra–Dai
  • Proto-Kra (list)
  • Proto-Kam–Sui (list)
  • Proto-Tai (list)
  • Proto-Hlai (list)
• Proto-Sino-Tibetan
  • Proto-Sinitic
    • Proto-Min
  • Proto-Tibeto-Burman (list)
    • Proto-Loloish
    • Proto-Karenic
• Proto-Hmong–Mien (list)
  • Proto-Hmongic (list)
  • Proto-Mienic (list)
• Proto-Austroasiatic
  • Proto-Aslian (list)
  • Proto-Khmeric (list)
  • Proto-Palaungic (list)
  • Proto-Viet-Muong
  • Proto-Munda

Americas

• Proto-Eskimo–Aleut
  • Proto-Eskimo
    • Proto-Inuit
• Proto-Algic
  • Proto-Algonquian
• Proto-Muskogean
• Proto-Iroquoian
• Proto-Uto-Aztecan
  • Proto-Nahuan
• Proto-Mayan
• Proto-Mixe–Zoquean language
• Proto-Totonacan language
• Proto-Na-Dené
  • Proto-Athabaskan
• Proto-Oto-Manguean  [ es ]
  • Proto-Otomí  [ es ]
  • Proto-Mixtecan  [ es ]
    • Proto-Mixtec  [ es ]
• Proto-Tucanoan  [ ru ]
• Proto-Tupian
• Proto-Macro-Jê  [ pt ]
• Proto-Arawakan  [ pt ]
• Proto-Siouan

Macrofamily reconstructions

These are hypothetical proto-languages that cannot be substantiated using the scientific methods of comparative linguistics.

• Proto-Altaic
• Proto-Borean
• Proto-Eurasiatic
• Proto-Ural-Altaic
• Proto-Austric
• Proto-Amerind
• Proto-Human language