The following railways operate or operated in Anatolia, Turkey and in former lands of the Ottoman Empire.
| Railway | Mark | Start Year | End Year | Successor | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turkish State Railways | TCDD | 1927 | Only common carrier in Turkey. | ||
| İZBAN | İZBAN | 2010 | Commuter railway, owned 50% by TCDD. |
| Railway | Mark | Start Year | End Year | Successor | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ottoman Railway Company | ORC | 1856 | 1935 | Turkish State Railways | First railway in Anatolia |
| Smyrne Cassaba & Prolongements | SCP | 1863 | 1935 | Turkish State Railways | |
| Chemins de fer Orientaux | CO | 1868 | 1927 | TCDD, CFFH, BDZ and others | This major railway operated in the European part of the Ottoman Empire. |
| Transcaucasus Railway | 1872 | 1924 | Eastern Railway and Soviet Railways | Russian railway, operated a rail line into Kars. | |
| Chemins de fer Ottomans d'Anatolie | CFOA | 1880 | 1924 | Chemins de fer d'Anatolie Baghdad | |
| Mersin-Tarsus-Adana Railway | MTA | 1886 | 1906 | Chemins du Fer Impérial Ottomans de Bagdad | |
| Mudanya-Bursa Railway | CFMB | 1892 | 1931 | Turkish State Railways | Not connected to the national system. |
| Berlin–Baghdad railway | CFIO | 1899 | 1924 | Chemins de fer d'Anatolie Baghdad | Baghdad Railway |
| Anatolian Baghdad Railways | 1924 | 1927 | Turkish State Railways | ||
| Samsun–Çarşamba railway | 1924 | 1929 | Turkish State Railways | 750mm narrow gauge line. Not connected to the national network. | |
| Eastern Railway (Turkey) | 1925 | 1927 | Turkish State Railways | 1,520mm broad gauge and 750mm narrow gauge line. Not connected to the national network until 1939. | |
| State Railways and Seaports Administration | 1924 | 1927 | Turkish State Railways | ||
| Southern Railway (Turkey) | CD | 1933 | 1948 | Turkish State Railways | |
| Ottoman Government | 1872 | 1873 | Chemins de Fer Ottomans d'Anatolie | Operated a railway line from Istanbul to Izmit. | |
| Cillicia and Northern Syria Railway | CNS | 1918 | 1927 | Chemins de Fer Bozanti Alep Nissibine et Prolongements | |
| Chemins de Fer Bozanti Alep Nissibine et Prolongements | BANP | 1927 | 1933 | Southern Railways |
| Name | Start Year | End Year | Successor |
|---|---|---|---|
| Société des Tramways de Constantinople | 1871 | 1939 | IETT |
| Üsküdar Kadıköy Halk Tramwayları | 1928 | 1939 | IETT |
| Trams in İzmir | 1890 | 1960s |
A tram is a rail vehicle that travels on tramway tracks on public urban streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way. The tramlines or networks operated as public transport are called tramways or simply trams/streetcars. Many recently built tramways use the contemporary term light rail. The vehicles are called streetcars or trolleys in North America and trams or tramcars elsewhere. The first two terms are often used interchangeably in the United States, with trolley being the preferred term in the eastern US and streetcar in the western US. Streetcar or tramway are preferred in Canada. In parts of the United States, internally powered buses made to resemble a streetcar are often referred to as "trolleys". To avoid further confusion with trolley buses, the American Public Transportation Association (APTA) refers to them as "trolley-replica buses". In the United States, the term tram has sometimes been used for rubber-tired trackless trains, which are unrelated to other kinds of trams.
Rail transport in Spain operates on four rail gauges and services are operated by a variety of private and public operators. The total route length in 2012 was 16,026 km.
Conservation and restoration of rail vehicles aims to preserve historic rail vehicles.
A tram-train is a type of light rail vehicle that meets the standards of a light rail system, but which also meets national mainline standards permitting operation alongside mainline trains. This allows services that can utilise both existing urban light rail systems and mainline railway networks and stations. It combines the urban accessibility of a tram or light rail with a mainline train's greater speed in the suburbs.
Adapazarı station is the main terminal railway station in the city of Adapazarı. It is the eastern terminus of the Haydarpaşa-Adapazarı Regional, the most heavily used rail service line in Turkey and second most in service frequency. The station is located directly in the city center. The other two stations serving Adapazarı are Mithatpaşa railway station, located in southwestern Adapazarı and Arifye railway station, located in Adapazarı's southern suburb. The station is situated on the north end of the Adapazarı Branch, which connects to the Istanbul––Ankara Main Line at Arifye.
The Adapazarı branch is a short, 3.2 km (2.0 mi) railway branch line off the Istanbul–Ankara main line. The line was opened in 1899 by the Chemins de Fer Ottomans d'Anatolie, and runs from Arifiye to Adapazarı. An extension to Bolu and Ankara was planned but never constructed.
Eğirdir station, was the terminal station of the Oriental Railway Company (ORC) main line from Izmir.
The Şenyurt-Mardin railway, also known as the Mardin railway, is a 24.3 km (15.1 mi) railway in Southeastern Turkey. The railway branches of the Adana-Nusaybin railway, formerly the Baghdad Railway, at Şenyurt and runs north across a flat plain to Mardin. The line was built in 1918 by the Baghdad Railway, shortly before the Ottoman Empire surrendered in World War I.
Halkapınar Transfer Center, commonly referred to as Halkapınar Metro or just Halkapınar, is a multi-modal transportation complex in İzmir, Turkey. Located in northeast Konak, it is the largest transportation complex in İzmir, as well as the Aegean Region. The complex offers connections between İZBAN commuter rail service, İzmir Metro rapid transit service, Tram İzmir tram service and ESHOT city bus service. Halkapınar Transfer Center was originally opened in 1865 as a railway station. The transfer center opened on 22 May 2000 together with a new metro station and bus terminals and was the first complex to offer direct connection between heavy rail and rapid transit service in Turkey.
Trams in Dalian have been operating continuously since 1909 making them one of the oldest tram systems still in use in Mainland China. There were once eleven routes in operation in Dalian in the Northeast China. Only two routes remain in use today. There was a route 203 which currently merged into route 201. Notably, most of the staff on Dalian's tram system are female, i.e. – driver, conductor, points man — even the depot manager. The tram system was the only rail network in the city, until Dalian Metro opened in 2003.
Urban rail transit in India plays an important role in intracity transportation in the major cities which are highly populated. It consists of rapid transit, suburban rail, monorail and tram systems. According to a report published in 2021, a total of 2.63 billion people travelled annually in metro systems across India's fifteen major cities, placing the country as one of the busiest urban rapid transit hubs in the world in terms of ridership. The combined length of 859 kilometres of metro systems in India makes it the fourth longest in operation in the world.
Basmane railway station is an intercity and regional railway terminal and rapid transit station in İzmir, Turkey. Along with Alsancak station, Basmane is one of two railway terminals in the city. All TCDD Taşımacılık trains terminate at this station, with intercity service to Ankara, Bandırma and Konya as well as regional service to Denizli, Söke, Tire and Ödemiş. The name originated from the Turkish phrase Basma hane.
Alsancak railway station is one of the two main railway terminals in İzmir and is the second-oldest railway station in Turkey, after Kemer, being completed in 1858. The station is the main hub for İZBAN trains, and is the terminus for both lines.
Başkentray, formerly known as the Ankara suburban, is the name of the 37 km (23 mi) long commuter rail line in Ankara, Turkey. It is operated by TCDD Taşımacılık on trackage owned by the Turkish State Railways.
There are several modes of transport available in Lahore.
Hong Kong's rail network mainly comprises public transport trains operated by the MTR Corporation Limited (MTRC). The MTRC operates the metro network of the territory and the commuter rail network connecting the northeastern, northwestern and southwestern New Territories to the urban areas. The operations of the territory's two leading railway companies, MTRC and the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCRC), were merged in 2007 on grounds of economies of scale and cost effectiveness. The Hong Kong Government has an explicit stated transport policy of using railways as its transport backbone.
The Lusail Tram, formerly Lusail LRT, is a light rail network in the Lusail urban development project north of Doha, the capital of Qatar. The first phase of the system, a six-station stretch of the Orange Line, opened to the public with "preview service" on 1 January 2022. More stations will be gradually opened to the public, starting with Lusail Central station from 9 April 2022.
Samsun Station is the main at-grade train station belonging to Turkish State Railways, located in the İstasyon neighborhood of the İlkadım district of Samsun. The station was constructed in 1926 and renovated in 2015. It provides both passenger and freight service between Samsun, Sivas and Amasya.