The Ottoman dynasty consisted of the members of the imperial House of Osman, also known as the Ottomans. According to Ottoman tradition, the family originated from the Kayı tribe branch of the Oghuz Turks, under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia in the district of Bilecik Söğüt. The Ottoman dynasty, named after Osman I, ruled the Ottoman Empire from c. 1299 to 1922.
Askia Muhammad I, born Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al-Turi or Muhammad Ture, was the first ruler of the Askia dynasty of the Songhai Empire, reigning from 1493 to 1528. He is also known as Askia the Great, and his name in modern Songhai is Mamar Kassey. Askia Muhammad strengthened his empire and made it the largest empire in West Africa's history. At its peak under his reign, the Songhai Empire encompassed the Hausa states as far as Kano and much of the territory that had belonged to the Songhai empire in the east. His policies resulted in a rapid expansion of trade with Europe and Asia, the creation of many schools, and the establishment of Islam as an integral part of the empire.
Hadji Oumarûl Foutiyou Tall, , born in Futa Tooro, present day Senegal, was a West African political leader, Islamic scholar, Tijani Sufi and Toucouleur military commander who founded the short-lived Toucouleur Empire encompassing much of what is now Senegal, Guinea, Mauritania and Mali.
The Tidjaniya Caliphate (1861–1890) was founded in the mid-nineteenth century by Elhadj Oumar Foutiyou Tall of the Toucouleur people of Senegal.
Futa Toro, often simply the Futa, is a semidesert region around the middle run of the Senegal River. This region is along the border of Senegal and Mauritania. It is well watered and fertile close to the river, but the interior parts of the region away from the river is porous, dry and infertile. This region is historically significant for the Islamic theocracies, Fulani states, jihad armies and migrants for Fouta Djallon that emerged from here.
Islam in Africa is the continent's second most widely professed faith behind Christianity. Africa was the first continent into which Islam spread from Southwest Asia, during the early 7th century CE. Almost one-third of the world's Muslim population resides in Africa. Muslims crossed current Djibouti and Somalia to seek refuge in present-day Eritrea and Ethiopia during the Hijrah to the Christian Kingdom of Aksum. Like the vast majority (90%) of Muslims in the world, most Muslims in Africa are also Sunni Muslims; the complexity of Islam in Africa is revealed in the various schools of thought, traditions, and voices in many African countries. Many African ethnicities, mostly in North, West and East Africa consider Islam their Traditional religion. The practice of Islam on the continent is not static and is constantly being reshaped by prevalent social, economic, and political conditions. Generally Islam in Africa often adapted to African cultural contexts and belief systems forming Africa's own orthodoxies.
The Empire of Great Fulo, also known as the Denanke Kingdom or Denianke Kingdom, was a Pulaar kingdom of Senegal, which dominated the Futa Tooro region. Its population dominated its neighbors through use of cavalry and fought wars against the Mali and Songhai empires.
The Char Bouba war, or the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War, took place between 1644-74 in the tribal areas of what is today Mauritania and Western Sahara. It was fought between the Sanhadja Berber tribes resident in the area, led by Lamtuna Imam Nasr ad-Din, and the Maqil Arab immigrant tribes, foremost of which was the Beni Hassan.
The Almamyate of Futa Toro (1776-1861) was a West African theocratic monarchy of the Fula-speaking people in the middle valley of the Senegal River. The region is known as Futa Toro.
Almami was the regnal title of Tukulor monarchs from the eighteenth century through the first half of the twentieth century. Similar to Amir al-Mu'minin, usually translated "Commander of the Faithful". In the Arabic world, Amir al-Mu'minin is similar to Caliphs and to other independent Muslim rulers that claim legitimacy from a community of Muslims. Almami has been claimed as the title of rulers in other West African theocratic monarchies and is still used by some Muslim leaders.
The Fulajihads sometimes called the Fulani revolution were a series of jihads that occurred across West Africa during the 18th and 19th centuries, led largely by the Muslim Fula people. The jihads and the jihad states came to an end with European colonization.
African empires is an umbrella term used in African studies to refer to a number of pre-colonial African kingdoms in Africa with multinational structures incorporating various populations and polities into a single entity, usually through conquest.
The Kingdom of Jolof, also known as Wolof and Wollof, was a West African rump state located in what is today the nation of Senegal. For nearly two hundred years, the Wolof rulers of the Jolof Empire collected tribute from vassal kings states who voluntarily agreed to the confederacy. At the Battle of Danki, the Buurba Jolof was defeated by the lord of Kayor resulting in the rapid disintegration of the empire. Jolof survived as a meager state, unable to prosper from the Atlantic trade between its former vassal territories and the Portuguese.
The Torodbe; singular Torodo were Muslim clerics and theocratic monarchs who reigned in Futa Toro, a region located in the north of present-day Senegal, from the seventeenth to the early twentieth century.
Abdul Bokar Kan was the de facto ruler of the upper part of the Imamate of Futa Toro in the late nineteenth century. This included parts of what are now Mauritania and Senegal along both banks of the Senegal River. After his death, the French colonial powers took full control of the territory.
Koli Tenguella (1512–1537) was a Fulani warrior. In the sixteenth century, after nine attempts, he conquered Futa Toro, a kingdom located in the northeast of the current Senegal and founded the new dynasty Fulani Denianke and the latter Empire of Great Fulo. He is the ancestor of the royal and noble dynasty Déniyankobés, the Bâ genealogy to which also belong to the Koli clans Teghéla, Rella, Dianga, Soulé, diye, Waranka, but also those of Sanghé Lobaly, Waly and Sinthiane Padalal.
Thilogne is a small town in north-east Senegal with the status of a commune. It lies in the Matam Department of Matam Region, 20 km (12 mi) from Kaédi, Mauretania and connected to Dakar via the N2 road.
Abdul Kader Kan was an 18th-century Islamic scholar and first Almaami of Futa Toro, hailing from what is now Senegal.