The Llama de la Libertad or Llama Eterna de la Libertad (lit. "Flame of Liberty" or "Eternal Flame of Liberty") was a ceremonial flame located in Plaza Bulnes in Santiago, Chile. It was lit on September 11, 1975 by Augusto Pinochet to commemorate the 1973 Chilean coup d'etat against the presidency of Salvador Allende. The Llama de la Libertad was part of a larger monument called Altar de la Patria (lit. "Altar of the Motherland") and was a symbol of the military dictatorship that ruled Chile from 1973 to 1990. [1]
In 2003 the government announced through minister Francisco Vidal that the presidency would cease funding the flame due to budget cuts. [1] In response to this the Mayor of Providencia, Cristián Labbé, said his commune would fund the flame, [2] but this proposal was superseded days later when Minister Michelle Bachelet announced the Ministry of National Defense would fund the flame. [1]
On October 18 of 2004 the flame was finally extinguished due to the works done on the new Barrio Cívico, itself a commemoration of the upcoming Bicentennial of Chile. [2] [3]
A similar flame in Punta Arenas, also lit by Pinochet, was extinguished in 2013. [4]
Joaquín José Lavín Infante is a Chilean politician of the Independent Democratic Union (UDI) party and former mayor of Las Condes municipality of capital Santiago. Formerly Lavín has also been mayor of Santiago, Minister of Education and Minister of Social Development. He ran for president twice in 1999 and 2005, losing both times. In 2021 he tried to run again, but this time he was defeated in a primary election by Sebastian Sichel.
Juan Manuel "Mamo" GuillermoContreras Sepúlveda was a Chilean Army officer and the former head of the National Intelligence Directorate (DINA), Chile's secret police during the dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet. In 1995, he was sentenced to seven years in prison for the murder in Washington, D.C. of Chilean diplomat Orlando Letelier, which he served until 2001.
Patricio Aylwin Azócar was a Chilean politician from the Christian Democratic Party, lawyer, author, professor and former senator. He was the first president of Chile after dictator Augusto Pinochet, and his election marked the Chilean transition to democracy in 1990. Despite resistance from elements of the Chilean military and government after his election, Aylwin was staunch in his support for the Chilean National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation which exposed the systematic brutalities of the dictatorship.
The 1973 Chilean coup d'état was a military coup in Chile that deposed the Popular Unity government of President Salvador Allende. On 11 September 1973, after an extended period of social unrest and political tension between the opposition-controlled Congress and the socialist President, as well as economic war ordered by U.S. President Richard Nixon, a group of military officers led by General Augusto Pinochet seized power in a coup, ending civilian rule.
An eternal flame is a flame, lamp or torch that burns for an indefinite time. Most eternal flames are ignited and tended intentionally, but some are natural phenomena caused by natural gas leaks, peat fires and coal seam fires, all of which can be initially ignited by lightning, piezoelectricity or human activity, some of which have burned for a long time.
Inés Lucía Pinochet Hiriart is the eldest daughter of former Chile's President Augusto Pinochet and Lucía Hiriart de Pinochet. She was a councilor for the municipality of Vitacura, from 2008 until 2012.
El Mercurio is a Chilean newspaper with editions in Valparaíso and Santiago. Its Santiago edition is considered the country's newspaper of record and it is considered the oldest daily in the Spanish language currently in circulation. El Mercurio is owned by El Mercurio S.A.P., which operates a network of 19 regional dailies and 32 radio stations across the country.
Tonka Tomicic Petric is a Chilean model and television presenter of Croatian origin.
Luis Alberto Cuevas Olmedo, better known as Beto Cuevas, is a Chilean-Canadian singer, plastic artist, painter, and actor. He is the lead singer for the Chilean band La Ley. In 2008 he launched his solo career with the release of his album, "Miedo Escenico". In 2012 he released his second album called "Transformación".
The Fatherland and Liberty Nationalist Front was a fascist political and paramilitary group that fought against the democratically elected socialist government of Salvador Allende, in Chile.
The Caso Degollados was a politically motivated series of murders of opposition members that took place in Chile in 1985, during Augusto Pinochet's military dictatorship. The murders caused a huge political scandal.
Camila Antonia Amaranta Vallejo Dowling is a Chilean politician and former student leader. Vallejo currently serves as a member of the Chamber of Deputies, representing District 26 of La Florida, Santiago.
The Museum of Memory and Human Rights is a Chilean museum located in Santiago, dedicated to commemorate the victims of human rights violations during the civic-military regime led by Augusto Pinochet between 1973 and 1990. It was inaugurated by former President Michelle Bachelet on January 11, 2010 as part of government's commemoration of the bicentennial of Chile.
Cristián Patricio Larroulet Vignau was the Minister General Secretariat of the Presidency of Chile under President Sebastián Piñera. He currently serves as the Head of Advisors to the Presidency of the Republic in the second administration of Sebastián Piñera.
Adriana Elisabeth Hoffmann Jacoby is a Chilean botanist, environmentalist, and author. She was Chile's Environment Minister in 2000 and 2001. She has advocated for the sustainable management and protection of Chilean forests, leading opposition to illegal logging in her role as coordinator of Defensores del Bosque Chileno since 1992.
Rosanna Maria Assunta Costa Costa is a Chilean economist, academic and investigative reporter. She was the director of Presupuestos during the government of president Sebastián Piñera (2010-2014).
José Antonio Kast, also known by his initials JAK, is a Chilean lawyer and politician. Kast ran for President of Chile in 2021, winning the first round and losing in the second round run-off to Gabriel Boric.
Carmen Aída Barros Alfonso is a prominent Chilean actress and singer of jazz, popular music, and opera. In addition, she is a professor of acting perception, diction, and vocal projection, and a theater and opera director. She is known for being the first to portray the character Carmela in the Isidora Aguirre play La pérgola de las flores in 1960.
Claudio Alejandro Marcelo Arredondo Medina is a Chilean film, theater and television actor and politician.
The northeastern zone of Santiago de Chile, known as “sector oriente”, refers to the name given to the communes to the east of the Santiago commune, where the majority of the population with the highest income in Chile live. It is made up of the communes of Lo Barnechea, Vitacura, Las Condes, Providencia, La Reina, and Ñuñoa. It had 929,158 inhabitants according to the Chilean census of 2017 added to a large floating population that travels daily to the sector for work, studies or services, especially to Providencia and Las Condes through Providencia Avenue and Apoquindo Avenue, which are the main commercial and transport axis of the city and the continuation of the Alameda from downtown. Together covering the 40% of total motorized journeys in the city. Likewise, in the communal limit of Las Condes, Providencia and Vitacura is located the financial sector of Sanhattan, which has experienced significant growth in high-rise buildings destined mainly for offices and trade.